Surveying

The mile, sometimes the international mile or statute mile to distinguish it from other miles, is a British imperial unit and United States customary unit of length; both are based on the older English unit of length equal to 5,280 English feet, or 1,760 yards. The statute mile was standardised as a unit of length between the Commonwealth of Nations and the United States by an international agreement in 1959, when the yard was formally redefined with respect to SI units as 0.9144metres, making the mile exactly (). For everyday use, five miles equates roughly to eight kilometres. Mileage is the

The acre ( ) is a unit of land area used in the British imperial and the United States customary systems. It is traditionally defined as the area of one chain by one furlong (66 by 660 feet), which is exactly equal to 10 square chains, of a square mile, 4,840 square yards, or 43,560 square feet, and approximately 4,047 m2, or about 40% of a hectare. The acre is sometimes abbreviated ac, but is usually spelled out as the word "acre".

line between the poles with the same longitude

right|thumb|The azimuth is the angle formed between a reference direction (in this example north) and a sightline|line from the observer to a point of interest projected on the same plane as the reference direction orthogonal to the [[zenith.]]

thumb|upright=1.05|A climber taking the final few steps to the summit of Imja Tse (Island Peak) in [[Nepal, 2004]] thumb|View from the summit of Switzerland's highest peak, [[Monte Rosa]]

instrument with a sealed tube of liquid, designed to indicate whether a surface is horizontal (level) or vertical (plumb)

thumb|alt= A woman holding a notebook crouches next to a theodolite on a tripod. The instrument is set up on a bank in a forest.|A surveyor using a total station thumb|upright|A student using a theodolite in field

A furlong is a measure of distance in imperial units and United States customary units equal to one-eighth of a mile, equivalent to any of 660 feet, 220 yards, 40 rods or perches, 10 chains, or approximately 201 metres. It is now mostly confined to use in horse racing, where in many countries it is the standard measurement of race lengths, and agriculture, where it is used to measure rural field lengths and distances specifically in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, and the United States.

Planimetrics is the study of plane measurements, including angles, distances, and areas.

area of land described by a single entry in a land register

in navigation, horizontal angle between the direction of an object and another object

thumb|upright=1.4|Vertical distance comparison

type of sonar

unit of length

navigation instrument

navigation using radio signals

ArcGIS is a family of client, server and online geographic information system (GIS) software developed and maintained by Esri.

thumbnail|A wooden tripod holding an optical level is set up firmly on the ground.

thumb|400px|Example of one-dimensional data interpolation by kriging, with credible intervals. Squares indicate the location of the data. The kriging interpolation, shown in red, runs along the means of the normally distributed credible intervals shown in gray. The dashed curve shows a spline that is smooth, but departs significantly from the expected values given by those means.

3D model of land elevation and features; for specific DSM or DTM use specific wikidata IDs

collection of geophysical data from aircraft

type of radio station

Chorography (from χῶρος khōros, "place" and γράφειν graphein, "to write") is the art of describing or mapping a region or district, and by extension such a description or map. This term derives from the writings of the ancient geographer Pomponius Mela and Ptolemy, where it meant the geographical description of regions. However, its resonances of meaning have varied at different times. Richard Helgerson states that "chorography defines itself by opposition to chronicle. It is the genre devoted to place, and chronicle is the genre devoted to time". Darrell Rohl prefers a broad definition of "th

thumb|The reticle of a PSO-1 scope mounted on a Russian SVD [[designated marksman rifle]] thumb|A comparison of different reticles used in telescopic sights thumb|Measurement graticule in an optical microscope thumb|Reticle of Bell & Howell Pocket Comparator thumb|Reticle accessory (PD-8) used in sniper rifles A reticle or reticule, also known as a graticule or crosshair, is a pattern of fine lines or markings built into the eyepiece of an optical device such as a telescopic sight, spotting scope, theodolite, optical microscope or the screen of an oscilloscope, to provide measurement reference

The chorobates, described by Vitruvius in Book VIII of the De architectura, was used to measure horizontal planes and was especially important in the construction of aqueducts (mainly during Roman Times).

European type of municipality

An arpent (, sometimes called arpen) is either of two units of measure, a unit of length or a unit of area. It is a pre-metric French unit based on the Roman actus. It is used in Quebec, some areas of the United States that were part of French Louisiana, and in Mauritius and the Seychelles.

mathematical algorithm to determine the area of a simple polygon

1919-2013 South African mining engineer

In the field of geodesy, Receiver Independent Exchange Format (RINEX) is a data interchange format for raw satellite navigation system data. This allows the user to post-process the received data to produce a more accurate result — usually with other data unknown to the original receiver, such as better models of the atmospheric conditions at time of measurement.

surveying method

The maximum water level of a bank or shore

altitude above geoid or mean sea level

thumb|Diagram of measurements: D is the slant distance; S is the horizontal distance; Δh is the vertical distance.

analyzing a real-world object or environment to collect data on its shape and possibly its appearance (e.g. colour)

oriented planes

thumb|Equipment used by an Ancient Rome|ancient Roman land [[surveyor (gromaticus), found at the site of Aquincum, modern Budapest, Hungary]]

analysis of the topography of bodies of water, providing data for environmental, tidal calculations, maritime navigation, etc.

long, narrow land division, usually found in series lined up along a waterway

process of collecting geospatial data from a mobile vehicle

formula for the surface gravity on a viscous rotating ellipsoid in hydrostatic equilibrium under the action of its gravitational field and centrifugal force

curve of a roadway

geodetic reference ellipsoid

form of easement in English law

legal limit of an immovable real estate property

mechanism for determining the location of an object in space

GPS data processing technique