meridian
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A meridian is an imaginary line that runs between the North and South Poles and connects all points that share the same longitude. Meridians matter because they form the basis of the geographic coordinate system, allowing us to precisely locate any place on Earth by specifying its longitude value.
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Meridians run between the North and South poles.
In geography and geodesy, a meridian is the locus connecting points of equal longitude, which is the angle (in degrees or other units) east or west of a given prime meridian (currently, the IERS Reference Meridian). In other words, it is a coordinate line for longitudes, a line of longitude. The position of a point along the meridian at a given longitude is given by its latitude, measured in angular degrees north or south of the Equator. On a Mercator projection or on a Gall-Peters projection, each meridian is perpendicular to all circles of latitude. Assuming a spherical Earth, a meridian is a great semicircle on Earth's surface. Adopting instead a spheroidal or ellipsoid model of Earth, the meridian is half of a north-south great ellipse. The length of a meridian is twice the length of an Earth quadrant, equal to 20,003.93144 km (12,429.86673 mi) on a modern ellipsoid (WGS 84).