Taxa described in 1839

The Polyporaceae () are a family of poroid fungi belonging to the Basidiomycota. The flesh of their fruit bodies varies from soft (as in the case of the dryad's saddle illustrated) to very tough. Most members of this family have their hymenium (fertile layer) in vertical pores on the underside of the caps, but some of them have gills (e.g. Panus) or gill-like structures (such as Daedaleopsis, whose elongated pores form a corky labyrinth). Many species are brackets, but others have a definite stipe – for example, Polyporus badius.

Agonidae is a family of small, bottom-dwelling, cold-water marine fish. Common names for members of this family include poachers, Irish lords, sea ravens, alligatorfishes, starsnouts, hooknoses, and rockheads. They are notable for having elongated bodies covered by scales modified into bony plates, and for using their large pectoral fins to move in short bursts. The family includes about 59 species in some 25 genera, some of which are quite widespread.

Perognathus is a genus of pocket mouse. Like other members of their family they are more closely related to pocket gophers than to true mice.

Esomus, or flying barbs, is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Danionidae. It is the only genus in the monotypic subfamily Esominae. The fishes in this genus are found in South and Mainland Southeast Asia. They are distinctive for their extremely long barbels.

Edraianthus (rock bells or grassy bells) is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae. Edraianthus species are native to mountain regions of the Balkan, including Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia, and as far as Romania, Italy and Greece.

Gymnocanthus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the northern Pacific, Arctic and northern Atlantic Oceans.

Chirolophis is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks and shannies.

Ecclinusa is a genus of plants in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus in 1839.

Enchophora is a genus of fulgorid planthoppers in the family Fulgoridae. There are more than 25 described species in Enchophora, found in Mexico, Central America, and South America.

Lophops is the type genus of planthoppers for the family Lophopidae, subfamily Lophopinae and tribe Lophopini; it was erected by Maximilian Spinola in 1839.

Elasmoscelis is a genus of planthoppers in the family Lophopidae, subfamily Menoscinae and the monogeneric tribe Elasmoscelini ; it was erected by Maximilian Spinola in 1839.

Rhopalomyces is a genus of fungi in the family Helicocephalidaceae. The type species, Rhopalomyces elegans, is a predator of nematode eggs.

Microcanthus is a genus of stripeys with an antitropical distribution in the Pacific Ocean.

Asclera is a genus of false blister beetles in the family Oedemeridae. There are about six described species in Asclera. thumb|Asclera ruficollis