Theory of mind

thumb|17th-century representation of consciousness by Robert Fludd, an English Paracelsian physician

Behaviorism is a systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals. It assumes that behavior is either a reflex elicited by the pairing of certain antecedent stimuli in the environment, or a consequence of that individual's history, including especially reinforcement and punishment contingencies, together with the individual's current motivational state and controlling stimuli. Although behaviorists generally accept the important role of heredity in determining behavior, deriving from Skinner's two levels of selection (phylogeny and ontogeny), they focus primarily o

thumb|The circled dot was used by the Pythagoreans and later Greeks to represent the first metaphysical being, the Monad or The Absolute. Monism attributes oneness or singleness () to a concept, such as to existence. Various kinds of monism can be distinguished: Priority monism states that all existing things go back to a source that is distinct from them; e.g., in Neoplatonism everything is derived from The One. In this view only the One is ontologically fundamental or prior to everything else. Existence monism posits that, strictly speaking, there exists only a single thing, the universe,

claim that the structure of a language affects its speakers' world view or cognition

thumb|Adriaen van Ostade, "Analysis" (1666)

Solipsism ( ; ) is the philosophical idea that only one's mind is sure to exist. As an epistemological position, solipsism holds that knowledge of anything outside one's own mind is unsure; the external world and other minds cannot be known and might not exist outside the mind.

Latin phrase; philosophical theory of mind

upright=0.65|thumb|The "redness" of red is an example of a quale.

philosophical theory that mental phenomena are non-physical and that matter exists independently of mind

ability to attribute mental states

In philosophy of mind, panpsychism () is the view that the mind or consciousness is a fundamental and ubiquitous feature of reality. It is also described as a theory that "the mind is a fundamental feature of the world which exists throughout the universe". It is one of the oldest philosophical theories and has been ascribed, in some form, to philosophers including Thales, Plato, Spinoza, Leibniz, Schopenhauer, William James, Alfred North Whitehead, and Bertrand Russell. In the 19th century, views described as panpsychism were advocated by prominent philosophers such as Schopenhauer and James,

In metaphysics, phenomenalism is the view that physical objects cannot justifiably be said to exist as "things-in-themselves", but only as perceptual phenomena or sensory stimuli (e.g. redness, hardness, softness, sweetness, etc.) situated in time and in space. In particular, some forms of phenomenalism reduce all talk about physical objects in the external world to talk about bundles of sense data.

philosophy that only minds and ideas are real

hypothetical internal cognitive symbol that represents external reality

philosophical theory of mind that the senses provide us with direct awareness of objects as they really are

form of methodological skepticism associated with the writings and methodology of René Descartes

thumb|A 'second wave' connectionist (ANN) model with a hidden layer Connectionism is an approach to the study of human mental processes and cognition that utilizes mathematical models known as connectionist networks or artificial neural networks.

area in philosophy concerned with theories about the processes causing willful human bodily movements of a more or less complex kind. This area of thought involves epistemology, ethics, metaphysics, jurisprudence, and philosophy of mind

defines, among other things, the conditions of identity that make one subject of experience distinct from all others

philosophical terms

The view that true altruism in humans is impossible

realist school of philosophy

philosophical theory that mental and bodily events occur together, without any causal interaction between them

PRE-CONCEIVED ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION FOR DECODIFICATION

psychological theory regarding individuals on the autism spectrum

classifications that denote whether a term describes an object with a physical referent or one with no physical referents

Human thought aided by divine grace

philosophical theory that there is only one kind of substance in reality (matter) but with two types of properties, material and mental

debate regarding corrospondence between experiences of the world and its reality

Mindstream (Pali: citta-santāna, Sanskrit: citta-saṃtāna, Tibetan: sems-rgyud, Ch: xin xiangxu 心相續) in Buddhist philosophy is the moment-to-moment continuum of sense impressions and mental phenomena (citta), which is also described as continuing from one life to another. Often described as a "stream of mind" or "mental continuum," the mindstream is not a static entity but a dynamic flow of arising and passing mental phenomena, which refers as a string of passing moments that happen either in the same lifetime or in the transitional period between one life and another.

philosophical concept

cognitive bias

Conceptual issue in the philosophy of mind

an approach to the mind–body problem proposed by John Searle, that mental phenomena are higher-level features of the brain caused by neurobiological processes

model by Timothy Leary of the human mind, consisting of 8 “circuits”: vegetative-invertebrate, emotional-locomotion, laryngeal-manual, socio-sexual, neurosomatic, neuroelectric, neurogenetic, and neuroatomic

theory in the philosophy of mind

learning through egalitarian dialogue

Concept in the philosophy of language

philosophical theory proposed by Averroes that all humans share the same intellect

philosophical question