Thermodynamic properties

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.

thermal property describing the energy required to change a material's temperature

energy contained in a system, excluding energy due to its position as a body in external force fields or its overall motion

capacity of a material to conduct heat

intensive quantity, heat capacity per mass

pressure exterted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium

internal energy present in a system due to its temperature

In thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, the compressibility (also known as the coefficient of compressibility or, if the temperature is held constant, the isothermal compressibility) is a measure of the instantaneous relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure (or mean stress) change. In its simple form, the compressibility \kappa (denoted in some fields) may be expressed as

estimated temperature of an astronomical body

quantity measuring the energy per unit of mass or volume that some substance releases upon oxidation

intensive physical property

measurable characteristic of the current state of a thermodynamic system, independent of the history of the system

tendency of a substance to vaporize

performance measure of a device that uses thermal energy, expressed as the ratio of work done over thermal energy used

ratio of a substance's volume to its mass

thermodynamic ratio of isobaric to isochoric specific heat capacities

physical quantity that measures the rate of transfer of heat of a material from the hot side to the cold side

measure of the effective concentration of a species in a mixture

property (of a system or substance) that is intensive or is extensive

one of the main factor limiting microbial activity

In thermodynamics, the fugacity of a real gas is an effective partial pressure which replaces the ideal partial pressure in an accurate computation of chemical equilibrium. It is equal to the pressure of an ideal gas which has the same temperature and molar Gibbs free energy (chemical potential) as the real gas.

heat transferred per area and time

rate of transfer of energy as heat

physical quantity representing energy content per unit mass

vapour pressure

linear relation between entropy of vaporization and boiling point

pair of variables (such as temperature and entropy) that thermodynamic potentials are expressed by

thermal quality

property that relates a material’s magnetic susceptibility to its temperature through Curie’s law

intensive quantity, heat capacity per amount of substance

material property relating molality to freezing point depression

volume as a thermodynamic quantity; extensive parameter for describing its thermodynamic state

state variables scaled by state properties at its critical point

increase in entropy during vaporization of a liquid

typical velocity of the thermal motion of particles

thermodynamic property of a material

ability of a material to exchange thermal energy with surroundings

increase in entropy when a solid melts

concept in thermodynamics