Tribes in pre-Roman Gaul

thumb|upright=1.35|Approximate location of pre-Roman Belgic Gaul shortly before Roman conquest, according to an interpretation of Caesar 300px|thumb|Map of northeastern Gaul around 70 AD The Belgae ( , ) were a large confederation of tribes living in northern Gaul, between the English Channel, the west bank of the Rhine, and the northern bank of the river Seine, from at least the third century BC. They were discussed in depth by Julius Caesar in his account of his wars in Gaul. Some peoples in southern Britain were also called Belgae and had apparently moved from the continent. T. F. O'Rahilly

thumb|Arverni coin depicting a warrior, 5th-1st century BC.

Gallic tribe

Gallic tribe

thumb|A 19th century statue of Ambiorix, prince of the Eburones (1st century BC), in [[Tongeren, Belgium]]

thumb|300px|A map of Belgic Gaul in the first century BC, showing the relative position of the Nervii

frame|right|Modern reconstruction of Treveran dwellings at Altburg, Germany. The Treveri (Gaulish: *Trēueroi) were a Celtic–Germanic tribe of the Belgae group who inhabited the lower valley of the Moselle in modern day Germany from around 150 BCE, if not earlier, until their displacement by the Franks. Their domain lay within the southern fringes of the Silva Arduenna (Ardennes Forest), a part of the vast Silva Carbonaria, in what are now Luxembourg, southeastern Belgium and western Germany; its centre was the city of Augusta Treverorum (Trier), to which the Treveri give their name. Although r

thumb|A map of Gaul in the 1st century BC, showing the relative positions of the Celtic tribes. The Senones or Senonii (Gaulish: 'the ancient ones') were an ancient Gallic tribe dwelling in the Seine basin, around present-day Sens, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

The Atrebates (Gaulish: *Atrebatis, 'dwellers, land-owners, possessors of the soil') were a Belgic tribe of the Iron Age and the Roman period, originally dwelling in the Artois region.

thumb|300px|The peoples of Cisalpine Gaul, 391-192 BC. The Insubres or Insubri were an ancient Celtic population settled in Insubria, in what is now the Italian region of Lombardy. They were the founders of Mediolanum (Milan). Though completely Gaulish at the time of Roman conquest, they were the result of the fusion of pre-existing Ligurian and Celtic population (Golasecca culture) with Gaulish tribes.

Celtic tribe of Gaul

thumb|right|300px|Reconstruction of a Menapian dwelling at Destelbergen.The Menapii were a Belgic tribe dwelling near the North Sea, around present-day Cassel, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

The Volcae () were a Gallic tribal confederation constituted before the raid of combined Gauls that invaded Macedonia c. 270 BC and fought the assembled Greeks at the Battle of Thermopylae in 279 BC. Tribes known by the name Volcae were found simultaneously in southern Gaul, Moravia, the Ebro valley of the Iberian Peninsula, and Galatia in Anatolia. The Volcae appear to have been part of the late La Tène material culture, and a Celtic identity has been attributed to the Volcae, based on mentions in Greek and Latin sources as well as onomastic evidence. Driven by highly mobile groups operating

The Carnutes or Carnuti (Gaulish: 'the horned ones'), were a Gallic tribe dwelling in an extensive territory between the Sequana (Seine) and the Liger (Loire) rivers during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

The Lemovices (Gaulish: *Lēmouīcēs, 'those who vanquish by the elm') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Limousin region during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

The Remi (Gaulish: Rēmi, 'the first, the princes') were a Belgic tribe dwelling in the Aisne, Vesle and Suippe river valleys during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Their territory roughly corresponded the modern Marne and Ardennes and parts of the Aisne and Meuse departments.

thumb|350px|A map of Gaul showing the relative position of the Lingones tribe, near centre right.

300px|thumb|A map of eastern Gaul showing the Nemetes at the right along the Rhine. The Nemetes or Nemeti were a tribe settled along the Upper Rhine by Ariovistus in the 1st century BC.

The Morini (Gaulish: 'sea folk, sailors') were a Belgic coastal tribe dwelling in the modern Pas de Calais region, around present-day Boulogne-sur-Mer, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

thumb|A map of Gaul in the 1st century BC, showing the relative position of the Bellovaci tribe.

thumb|281x281px|Pictonian stater (1st c. BC). The Pictones were a Gallic tribe dwelling south of the Loire river, in the modern departments of Vendée, Deux-Sèvres and Vienne, during the Iron Age and Roman period.

thumb|Ambiani hemi stater. Stylized head. The Ambiani (Gaulish: Ambiāni, 'those around') were a Belgic coastal tribe dwelling in the modern Picardy region during the Iron Age and Roman periods.

branch of the Aulerci people in Gallia Celtica

thumb|upright=1.5|Coins of the Namnetes The Namnetes were a Gallic tribe dwelling near the modern city of Nantes during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

thumb|Suessionean stater, ca. 200 BC The Suessiones were a Belgic tribe, dwelling in the modern Aisne and Oise regions during the La Tène and Roman periods.

thumb|Turones coinage, 5th–1st century BCE|287x287px The Turoni or Turones were a Gallic tribe of dwelling in the later Touraine region during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

The Tungri (or Tongri, or Tungrians) were a tribe, or group of tribes, who lived in the Belgic part of Gaul, during the times of the Roman Empire. Within the Roman Empire, their territory was called the Civitas Tungrorum. They were described by Tacitus as being the same people who were first called "Germani" (Germanic), meaning that all other tribes who were later referred to this way, including those in Germania east of the river Rhine, were named after them. More specifically, Tacitus was thereby equating the Tungri with the "Germani Cisrhenani" described generations earlier by Julius Caesar

thumb|right|The eleven prefectures of the Duke of Mainz in [[Notitia Dignitatum. Castle Vangionis is the 2nd up from the bottom in the left column.]] The Vangiones appear first in history as an ancient Germanic tribe of unknown provenance. They threw in their lot with Ariovistus in his bid of 58 BC to invade Gaul through the Doubs river valley and lost to Julius Caesar in a battle probably near Belfort. After some Celts evacuated the region in fear of the Suebi, the Vangiones, who had made a Roman peace, were allowed to settle among the Mediomatrici in northern Alsace. (Metz however is now in

thumb|Redonan stater (ca. 80-50 BC).|276x276px The Redones or Riedones (Gaulish: Rēdones, later Riedones, 'chariot- or horse-drivers') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the eastern part of the Brittany peninsula during the Iron Age and subsequent Roman conquest of Gaul. Their capital was at Condate, the site of modern day Rennes.

thumb|280x280px|Andecavi stater. The Andecavi (also Andicavi, Andegavi, or Andigavi) were a Gallic tribe dwelling in Aremorica during the Roman period.

The Salyes or Salluvii (Greek: ) were an ancient Celto-Ligurian people dwelling between the Durance river and the Greek colony of Massalia during the Iron Age. Although earlier writers called them 'Ligurian', Strabo used the denomination 'Celto-ligurian' in the early 1st century AD. A Celtic influence is noticeable in their religion, which centred on the cult of the tête coupée ('severed head'), as well as in the names of their towns and leaders. During the 2nd century BC, the Salyes were most likely at the head of a political and military confederation that united both Gallic and Ligurian tri

thumb|upright=1.5|Coins of the Osismii. The Osismii or Ostimii were a Gallic tribe living in the western part of the Armorican Peninsula (modern Brittany) during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

thumb|The Tigurini were a pagus of the [[Helvetii.]] thumb|«Die Helvetier zwingen die Römer unter dem Joch hindurch» ("The Helvetians force the Romans to pass under the yoke"). Romantic painting by Charles Gleyre (19th century) celebrating the Tigurini victory over the Romans at [[Agen (107 BCE) under Divico's command.]]

In classical antiquity, the Triboci or Tribocci were a Germanic people of eastern Gaul, inhabiting much of what is now Alsace.

thumb|Coins of the Curiosolitae, 5th-1st century BC.|alt=|289x289px The Coriosolites or Curiosolitae were a Gallic people dwelling on the northern coast of present-day Brittany during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

The Aulerci were a group of Gallic peoples inhabiting regions of Gaul during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

thumb|350px|right|A modern geographical definition of Condroz is shown on this map of Belgium. It is thought to correspond roughly to the area where the Condrusi lived. The Condrusi were an ancient Belgic-Germanic tribe dwelling in what is now eastern Belgium during the Gallic Wars (58–50 BC) and the Roman period. Their ethnic identity remains uncertain. Caesar described them as part of the Germani Cisrhenani, but their tribal name is probably of Celtic origin. Like other Germani Cisrhenani tribes, it is possible that their old Germanic endonym came to be abandoned after a tribal reorganizatio

The Atuatuci (or Aduatuci) were a Gallic-Germanic tribe, dwelling in the eastern part of modern-day Belgium during the Iron Age.

The Rauraci or Raurici were a small Gallic tribe dwelling in the Upper Rhine region, around the present-day city of Basel, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

thumb|279x279px|Rutenan drachma (2nd–1st c. BC). The Ruteni were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the southern part of the Massif Central, around present-day Rodez, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

thumb|Gold quarter-stater of the Unelli depicting a charioteer driving a horse

The Diablintes or Aulerci Diablites (also Diablintres or Diablindes) were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the north of the modern Mayenne department during the Iron Age and the Roman period. They were part of the Aulerci.

thumb|283x283px|right|Cavarian Denier (coin)|denier (1st c. BC). The Cavari or Cavares (Gaulish: *Cauaroi, 'the heroes, champions, mighty men') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the western part of modern Vaucluse, around the present-day cities of Avignon, Orange and Cavaillon, during the Roman period. They were at the head of a confederation of tribes that included the Tricastini, Segovellauni and Memini, and whose territory stretched further north along the Rhône Valley up to the Isère river.

The Caletes or Caleti (Gaulish: Caletoi "the hard [stubborn, tough] ones"; or Calētī) were a Celtic tribe dwelling in Pays de Caux, in present-day Normandy, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

The Lexovii (Gaulish: *Lexsouioi, 'the leaning, lame'), were a Gallic tribe dwelling immediately west of the mouth of the Seine, around present-day Lisieux, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

The Paemani (also Poemani or Caemani) were a small Belgic-Germanic tribe dwelling in Gallia Belgica during the Iron Age. Their ethnic identity remains uncertain. Caesar described them as part of the Germani Cisrhenani, but a number of scholars have argued that their name may be of Celtic origin. Like other Germani Cisrhenani tribes, it is possible that their old Germanic endonym came to be abandoned after a tribal reorganization, that they received their names from their Celtic neighbours, or else that they were fully or partially assimilated to Celtic culture at the time of the Roman invasion

thumb|right|Civitas of the Mediomatrici thumb|City scape of Divodurum Mediomatricum (ca. 2nd century AD), ancestor of present-day Metz, capital of the Mediomatrici. The Mediomatrici (Gaulish: *Medio-māteres) were according to Caesar a Gaulish tribe at the frontier to the Belgicae dwelling in the present-day regions Lorraine, Upper Moselle during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

The Seduni were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the upper Rhône valley, around present-day Sion, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

The Caturiges (Gaulish: Caturīges, 'kings of combat') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the upper Durance valley, around present-day towns of Chorges and Embrun, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

The Catalauni (Gaulish: *Catu-uellaunoi 'war-chiefs') were a Belgic tribe dwelling in the modern Champagne region during the Roman period. The Catalauni probably belonged to a larger tribe, either the Remi in the north or the Lingones in the south. The Catuvellauni, who migrated to southern Britain in the 1st century BC, are likely part of the same tribal group.

The Nantuates or Nantuatae (Gaulish: Nantuatis, 'those of the valley') were a Gallic tribe dwelling around present-day Massongex, in the modern Canton of Valais (Switzerland) and adjacent areas of France, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

The Mandubii (Gaulish: *Mandubioi) were a small Gallic tribe dwelling in and around their chief town Alesia, in modern Côte-d'Or, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

The Veragrī (Gaulish: *Ueragroi, 'super-warriors'; Greek: ) were a Gallic tribe dwelling around present-day Martigny, in the Pennine Alps, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

The Vocontii (Gaulish: *Uocontioi; Greek: Οὐοκόντιοι, Οὐοκοντίων) were a Gallic people dwelling on the western foothills of the Alps during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

The Segusiavi (Gaulish: *Segusiauī) were a Gallic tribe dwelling around the modern city of Feurs, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Other important sites within their territory were present-day Roanne, a flourishing center of trade and commercial production even before Roman rule, and Lyon, which was developed as an urban center by the Romans.

The Eburovices or Aulerci Eburovices (Gaulish: *'''', 'those who vanquish by the yew') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Eure department during the Iron Age and the Roman period. They were part of the Aulerci.

thumb|Ambarrian gold coin The Ambarri were a Gallic people dwelling in the modern Ain department during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

right|thumb|Plan of the oppidum of the Viromandui at Vermand by Édouard Fleury (1877) The Viromanduī or Veromanduī (Gaulish: *Uiromanduoi) were a Belgic tribe dwelling in the modern Vermandois region (Picardy) during the Iron Age and Roman periods. During the Gallic Wars (58–50 BC), they belonged to the Belgic coalition of 57 BC against Caesar.

celtic tribe

thumb|A stater of the Baiocasses depicting a human profile with a boar set within whirls of pattern that extend from the stylized hair. The Celtic war locks are clearly represented and could justify the etymology The Bodiocasses or Baiocasses were an ancient Gallic tribe of the Roman period. They were a tribal division of the civitas of the Lexovii, in the Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis.