Tuareg

thumb|Map of Azawad, as claimed by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad|MNLA. Dark grey dots indicate regions with a Tuareg majority. The west is mainly inhabited by Maures, and the south by sub-Saharan peoples. Azawad, or Azawagh (Tuareg: Azawaɣ, or Azawad; ), was a short-lived unrecognised state lasting between 2012 and 2013. The Azawadi declaration of independence was declared unilaterally by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) in 2012, after a Tuareg rebellion drove the Malian Armed Forces from the region.

Amazigh (Berber) people of the Sahara desert with a nomadic pastoralist lifestyle

Agadez (Air Tamajeq: ⴰⴶⴰⴷⴰⵣ, Agadaz), formerly spelled Agadès, is the fifth largest city in Niger, with a population of 110,497 based on the 2012 census. The capital of the eponymous Agadez Region, the city lies in the Sahara desert, and is also the capital of Aïr, one of the traditional Tuareg–Berber federations. The historic centre of the town has been designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

Sandstone massif in Algeria’s central Sahara Desert

Ghadames or Ghadamis (Ghadamsi: ⵄⴰⴷⴻⵎⴻⵙ / Ɛadēməs [ʕadeːməs], , ) is an oasis town in the Nalut District of the Tripolitania region in northwestern Libya.

highland region in Algeria

province of Algeria

mountain range in Niger

province of Algeria

Tifinagh (Tuareg Berber language: ; Neo-Tifinagh: ; Berber Latin alphabet: ; ) is a script used to write the Berber languages. Tifinagh is descended from the ancient Libyco-Berber alphabet. The traditional Tifinagh, sometimes called Tuareg Tifinagh, is still favored by the Tuareg people of the Sahara desert in southern Algeria, northeastern Mali, northern Niger, and northern Burkina Faso for writing the Tuareg languages. Neo-Tifinagh is an alphabet developed by the Berber Academy by adopting Tuareg Tifinagh for use for Kabyle; it has been since modified for use across North Africa.

Tamanrasset (; ), also known as Tamanghasset or Tamenghest, is an oasis city and capital of Tamanrasset Province in southern Algeria, in the Ahaggar Mountains. It is the chief city of the Algerian Tuareg. It is located at an altitude of . As of the 2008 census, it has a population of 92,635, up from 72,741 in 1998, with an annual growth rate of 2.5%. It was estimated to be up to 116,521 in 2019 and 140,955 in 2025.

mountain range in the desert of the Ghat District in western Libya

city in Niger

trade between sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa

region of Mali

Kidal (Tuareg Berber: ⴾⴸⵍ, KDL, Kidal) is a town and commune in the desert region of northern Mali. The town lies northeast of Gao and is the capital of the Kidal Cercle and the Kidal Region. The commune has an area of about and includes the town of Kidal and 31 other settlements.

mountain range at the border between Algeria and Mali

The Ténéré (Tuareg: Tenere, literally: "desert") is a desert region in south central Sahara. It comprises a vast plain of sand stretching from northeastern Niger to western Chad, occupying an area of over . It is bounded by the Aïr Mountains in the west, the Hoggar Mountains in the north, the Djado Plateau in the northeast, the Tibesti Mountains in the east, and the basin of Lake Chad in the south. The central part of the desert contains the Erg of Bilma, an area of sand dunes. The Neolithic Tenerian culture was centred on the region.

Ubari or Awbari () is an oasis town and the capital of the Wadi al Hayaa District, in the Fezzan region of southwestern Libya. It is in the Idehan Ubari, a Libyan section of the Sahara Desert. It was the capital of the former baladiyah (district) called Awbari, in the southwest of the country.

region of Niger

tallest mountain in Algeria

The Azawakh is a breed of dog from West Africa. With ancient origins, it is raised throughout the Sahelian zone of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso. This region includes the Azawagh Valley for which the breed is named. While commonly associated with the nomadic Tuareg people, the dogs are also bred and owned by other ethnic groups, such as the Peulh, Bella, and Hausa. The Azawakh is more related to the Sloughi than it is to the Saluki.

town in Libya

Illizi (Amazigh language: Ilizi) is an Algerian town and commune, coextensive with Illizi District, situated in the south-eastern part of Algeria, and capital of Illizi Province. According to the 2008 census it is the largest commune by population in the province, with a population of 17,252, up from 10,163 in 1998, and an annual population growth rate of 5.5%, the highest in the province. It is one of the gates to the Tassili N'Ajjer National Park with caves and partly enclosed rock shelters containing prehistoric drawings dating from 6000 years BC. There are a hotel and two camping sites, as

Tahoua is a city in Niger and the administrative centre of the Department of Tahoua and the larger Tahoua Region. It is the fourth largest town in the country, with a population of 117,826 (2012 Census).

town in In Salah Province, Algeria

thumb|Topographic map with Djanet and the surrounding area thumb Djanet (; Berber: ⵊⴰⵏⴻⵜ, Janet) is an oasis city, and capital of Djanet District as well as of Djanet Province, southeast Algeria. It is located south of Illizi. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 14,655, up from 9,699 in 1998, and an annual population growth rate of 4.3%. It is inhabited by the Kel Ajjer Tuareg people.

region of Niger

thumb|300px|Map of the southern Aïr Mountains thumb|Map of southern Algeria and surrounding area, Arlit is at the bottom right

militant Islamist organization in Mali

Scottish explorer

Idlès (Arabic: إدلس) is a municipality in Tazrouk District, Tamanrasset Province, Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 4,945, up from 3,791 in 1998, with an annual growth rate of 2.7%. Its postal code is 11110 and its municipal code is 1105. The largest nearby city is Tamanrasset; other smaller towns include In Amguel to the west and Tazrouk to the south.

Tessaoua, formerly known as Tessawa, is a city located in the Maradi Region of Niger. It has a population of 43,409 (2012 census). Tessaoua is historically an important city in its region. It is situated in a central geographical location. Tessaoua is a midpoint on a historical trade route between Agadez, Niger, in the north and Kano, Nigeria, in the south. During the collapse of the sultanates of Bornu and Sokoto during the late 19th century, the local ruler declared his territory the sultanate of Tessaoua; he signed a treaty of protection with the French captain Cazemajou in 1897, prior to t

The Troglodytae (, Trōglodytai, literally "cave goers") were people mentioned in various locations by many ancient Greek and Roman geographers and historians, including Herodotus (5th century BCE), Agatharchides (2nd century BCE), Diodorus Siculus (1st century BCE), Strabo (64/63 BCE – c.  24 CE), Pliny (1st century CE), Josephus (37 – c. 100 CE), Tacitus (c. 56 – after 117 CE), Claudius Aelianus (c. 175 CE – c. 235 CE), Porphyry (c. 234 CE – c. 305 CE).

thumb|Tanezrouft

town in Tamanrasset Province, Algeria

thumb|Topographic map of the Hoggar Massif with Tazrouk between the G and A of HOGGAR

province of Algeria

Aguelhok, also known as Adjelhoc (the official name), is a rural commune and village in the Kidal Region of eastern Mali in the Tessalit Cercle. In the census of 2009 the commune had a population of 8,080.

plateau and historical site in Niger

Abalak or Abalagh () is a town located in the Tahoua Region, Abalak Department of northern Niger. It is both a town and Commune: a local administrative division. It is the seat (Chef-lieu) of Abalak Department, one of eight subdivisions of Tahoua Region. The town had a population of less than 74,719 at the 2012 census.

town in Tamanrasset Province, Algeria

town and commune in Illizi, Algeria

town in Tamanrasset Province, Algeria

thumb|Fortress thumb|Well

French explorer of the Sahara (1840–1892)

municipality in Tamanrasset Province, Algeria

town in Djanet Province, Algeria

REDIRECT Litham#Tagelmust or Afrwal or litham

Debdeb is a border town and commune of In Amenas District, Illizi Province, Algeria, situated on the country's border with Libya. It had a population of 4,341 as of the 2008 census. Located in the middle of the Sahara, Debdeb has a hot desert climate and is connected with the rest of Algeria by the N53 national highway. It was previously a frequent transit point for West African immigrants to Europe.

The Nasamones () mentioned by Herodotus (c. 484–425 BCE), were a nomadic Berber tribe inhabiting the coastal region of the Gulf of Sirte and traveling inland to the oasis of Augila where men lived around a spring of water and migrated at fixed seasons each year. During the summer, they left their flocks by the sea and journeyed to Augila to gather dates from the palm trees where they grew in great abundance. They also hunted locusts, which they dried in the sun, ground into powder, and sprinkled into milk to drink. They were believed to be a Numidian people.

Tinzaouaten (var. Tinzawatene and Tin-Zaouatene; ) is a Saharan rural commune in the far northeast of Mali on the Algerian border.

explorer

thumb|left|View of Tchintabaraden in 2016.

thumb|right|305px|Trade routes of the Western Sahara c. 1000–1500. Essouk is shown as Tadmekka. Goldfields are indicated by light brown shading.

commune and town in Gao Region, Mali

Timia is a small town and commune in northern Niger, situated at an oasis in the Aïr Mountains, Agadez Region, Arlit Department. Visitors come to the Tuareg town to see a seasonal waterfall, a former French fort and the nearby ruined town of Assodé. As of 2020, the commune had a total population of 25,005 people.

thumb|right|A camel train traveling from Agadez to Bilma (Niger), 1985. thumb|right|Slabs of salt from the mines of Taoudenni stacked on the quayside at the port of Mopti (Mali) thumb|right|Rock salt at the market in Mopti. It is sold here in slabs, broken and weighed, and packaged into smaller amounts. The Azalai (Tamasheq, var. Azalay) is a semi-annual salt caravan route practiced by Tuareg traders in the Sahara desert between Timbuktu and the Taoudenni salt mine in Mali, or the act of traveling with a caravan along that route.