Turkestan

thumb|right|The West Turkestan region is noted on this 1914 map as simply "Turkestan" Turkestan, also spelled Turkistan, is a historical name for the region of Asia lying between the Caspian Sea to the west, Siberia to the north, the Gobi Desert to the east, and Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tibet to the south. Turkestan is primarily inhabited by Turkic peoples, as well as Russian and Tajik-Persian minorities. It is subdivided into West Turkestan, which historically belonged to the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, and East Turkestan (identified either with the Tarim Basin/Southern Xinji

thumb|right|340px|Watershed of the Amu Darya|Oxus River in the 8th century, showing Transoxiana and its principal localities to the northeast. thumb|right|340px|Transoxiana and the neighbouring regions of Greater Khorasan and [[Khwarazm in Central Asia]]

loosely defined region in Central Asia

general governorate of the Russian Empire

Russian sinologist, historian, and missionary (1777–1853)

political and social Uyghur movement for the independence of Oriental Turkestan, in Xinjiang, autonomous province of China

region in the north of modern Afghanistan, populated mainly by Usbeks, Tajiks, Pamyrs and Turkmens

Kazakhstani politician (1890–1941)

political party

Kazakh medical practitioner

organization

educationalist (1846–1930)

militant organization

thumb|10th century, East Syriac lectionary (Luke 16), found at Bulayïq Bulayïq () is a locality and archaeological site in central Xinjiang province in western China. It is located north of Turpan city in the foothills of the Tien-shan Mountains. It is also known as Bīlayuq.

Nongovernmental organization