Transoxiana

thumb|right|340px|Watershed of the Amu Darya|Oxus River in the 8th century, showing Transoxiana and its principal localities to the northeast. thumb|right|340px|Transoxiana and the neighbouring regions of Greater Khorasan and [[Khwarazm in Central Asia]]

Transoxiana or Transoxania (, now called the Amu Darya) is the Latin name for the region and civilization located in lower Central Asia roughly corresponding to eastern Uzbekistan, western Tajikistan, parts of southern Kazakhstan, parts of Turkmenistan and southern Kyrgyzstan. The name was coined by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC when Alexander's troops conquered the region. The region may have had a similar Greek name in the days of Alexander the Great, but the earlier name is no longer known. Geographically, it is the region between the rivers Amu Darya to its south and the Syr Darya to its north.