Turkish inventions

high-capacity public transport generally used in urban areas

Tiles are usually thin, square or rectangular coverings manufactured from hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, baked clay, or even glass. They are generally fixed in place in an array to cover roofs, floors, walls, edges, or other objects such as tabletops. Alternatively, tile can sometimes refer to similar units made from lightweight materials such as perlite, wood, and mineral wool, typically used for wall and ceiling applications. In another sense, a tile is a construction tile or similar object, such as rectangular counters used in playing games (see tile-based game). The w

stick-shaped implement with hairs used to play a bowed string musical instrument such as a violin

The bağlama or saz is a long-necked fretted lute used in the folk music of Turkey and neighbouring regions of the Middle East and Central Asia. It belongs to the wider family of long-necked lutes known as Tanburs, a group of instruments historically distributed from Iran and Mesopotamia across Central Asia and Anatolia.

thumb|A set of cams on a camshaft operating two valves

Rakı, Türk Rakısı or Turkish Raki (, Turkish pronunciation: ) is an alcoholic beverage made of twice-distilled grape pomace and flavored with aniseed. It is a national drink of Turkey, and it is especially popular in the coastal regions. Among drinkers of alcoholic beverages, it is popular in Turkic countries and Caucasian countries as an apéritif. It is often served with seafood or meze. It is comparable to several other anise-flavored liqueurs such as pastis, ouzo, sambuca and arak. The alcoholic content of rakı must be at least 40% according to Turkish standard. The largest producer of raki

thumb|304x304px|Illustration of an Ottoman official and his assistant registering Christian boys for the devshirme. The official takes a tax to cover the price of the boys' new red clothes and the cost of transport from their home, while the assistant records their village, district and province, parentage, date of birth and physical appearance. Ottoman miniature painting, 1558.

thumb|Kurdish people|Kurdish man wearing a kaftan. Illustration by [[Max Karl Tilke published in Oriental Costumes: Their Designs and Colors (1922), Georgian National Museum, Tbilisi.]]

Piri Reis's nautical chart

clandestine form of government of a state, operated through networks of covert power groups

thumb|Turkish desserts served with ice cream Dondurma is the Turkish name for ice cream. Outside Turkey, it typically refers specifically to mastic ice cream, which is believed to originate from the city and region of Kahramanmaraş and is known as maraş dondurma in Turkish. This is made from cream, salep (the ground-up tuber of an orchid), mastic (plant resin), and sugar.

The yatagan, yataghan, or ataghan (from Turkish yatağan), also called varsak, is a type of Ottoman knife or short sabre used from the mid-16th to late 19th century. The yatagan was extensively used in Ottoman Turkey and in areas under immediate Ottoman influence, such as the Balkans, Caucasus, and North Africa.

The kalpak, qalpaq or calpack, is a Turkic high-crowned cap (usually made of felt or sheepskin) worn by Turks, Turkmens, Karakalpaks, Bulgarians, Circassians, Dagestanis, Chechens, Ukrainians, Poles, Russians and throughout Central Asia and the Caucasus.

The papakha is a sheepskin hat worn by men throughout the Caucasus and also in uniformed regiments in the region and beyond. thumb|A Caucasus|Caucasian wearing a papakha

type of linear actuator that comprises a circular gear (the pinion) engaging a linear gear (the rack)

thumb|Bulgarian kaval in key of D (Re), Mopane wood, Pewter inlay - Wedding style kaval, made in 2012 by master craftsman Radoslav Paskalev, Virginia, USA The kaval is a chromatic end-blown oblique flute traditionally played throughout the Balkans (in Albania, Romania, Bulgaria, Southern Serbia, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Northern Greece, and elsewhere) and Anatolia (including Turkey and Armenia). The kaval is primarily associated with mountain shepherds.

Turkish main battle tank

group of musicians that perform while marching

art form in the Ottoman Empire

thumb|upright=0.6|Syrian shamshir from the Royal Armoury, Stockholm A shamshir () is a type of Iranian sword with a radical curve. The name is derived from the Persian word shamshīr, which is made of two words sham ("fang") and shir ("lion"). The curved "scimitar" sword family includes the shamshir, kilij, talwar, pulwar, and nimcha.

Linux distribution

type of decorated ceramic

type of rug or carpet from the Anatolia region of Turkey

archery in Turkey

class of musical ensembles

Ottoman Empire military band

thumb|Various kilij from the Hellenic War Museum (Athens, Greece) thumb|upright=0.6|Ottoman kilij 19th century; this type with a short, broad blade is known as a "pala"; blade, total. A kilij (from Turkish kılıç, literally "sword") is a type of one-handed, single-edged and curved scimitar used by the Seljuk Empire, Timurid Empire, Mamluk Empire, Ottoman Empire, and other Turkic khanates of Eurasian steppes and Turkestan. These blades developed from earlier Turko-Mongol sabers that were in use in lands controlled or influenced by the Turkic peoples.

cannon

The cümbüş (; ) is a Turkish stringed instrument of relatively modern origin. It was developed in 1930 by Zeynel Abidin Cümbüş as an oud-like instrument that could be heard as part of a larger ensemble.

shaken percussion instrument consisting of a pole with bells or jingles hung from attached crescents or other shapes

type of sniper rifle

burgonet with a long neck guard

thumb|Polish noble Stanisław Antoni Szczuka (1652–1710) in a representative national Polish outfit. A red kontusz tied with a [[pas kontuszowy. Underneath a żupan with a low collar. Left hand holds a fur cap with a low band. Characteristic hair and moustache. Unknown artist.]] thumb|Noble Zaporozhian Cossacks|Ukrainian Cossack in a yellow [[żupan and red kontusz.]] A kontusz is a type of outer garment worn by the Hungarian and Polish–Lithuanian male nobility. It became popular in the 16th century and came to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth rule via Hungary from Turkey. In the 17th century,

Turkish rifle

thumb|A game of Okey in the Mardin Province of Turkey thumb|right|Racks and tiles used commonly in Okey and [[Rummikub]] Okey () is a tile-based game, popular in Turkey, of the rummy family. The aim of the game is to score points against the opposing players by collecting certain groups of tiles. It is usually played with four players, but can also be played with only two or three players.

Turkish confectionery

Variant of draughts played in the Mediterranean and Middle East

thumb Şıra, şire, or shira is a Turkish non-alcoholic drink made from slightly fermented grape juice. It tastes sweet due to its high fructose content, and it is terracotta in colour. It is mostly served with Iskender kebap.

Tsifteteli () or Çiftetelli, is a rhythm and belly dance of Anatolia and the Balkans (particularly Greece). In Turkish the word means "double stringed", taken from the violin playing style that is practiced in this kind of music. There are suggestions that the dance existed in ancient Greece, known as the Aristophanic dance Cordax. It became popular in Greece through the Greek-Turkish population exchange of 1923. Despite this, it has established itself as the most popular and most common Greek dance together with Zeibekiko. Nowadays it is found not only in Greece and Turkey, but also in the en

reed flute

Turkish musical instrument

cross-hilted, curved, scimitar-like sword

device for turning a spit

type of Directed-energy weapon, Counter unmanned air system

The lavta is a plucked string music instrument from Istanbul.

thumb|right|300px|A traditional jelick A yelek (also spelled jelick in older English texts) is the bodice or waistcoat of Ottoman origin, traditionally worn by women. The yelek is typically a sleeveless and collarless garment and usually has small pockets on the sides. Traditional yeleks are generally embroidered and made out of silk cloth as well as velvet and leather. During the Ottoman era, the yelek was a hip-length jacket or vest worn for warmth by both sexes. It could have long sleeves, short sleeves, or no sleeves, and often had a small standing collar. A shorter variant, the anteri (or

set of instructions used to control the behavior of a machine