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Unsolved problems in number theory

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perfect number
positive integer which equals the sum of all its divisors
Goldbach's conjecture
Conjecture that every even integer greater than 2 is the sum of two primes
Riemann hypothesis
conjecture in mathematics linked to the repartition of prime numbers
Mersenne prime
prime number of the form 2ⁿ−1
Euler–Mascheroni constant
mathematical constant; limiting difference between the harmonic series and the natural logarithm; equal to ca 0.577
twin prime
prime either 2 more or 2 less than another prime
Fermat number
positive integer of the form (2^(2^n))+1
Collatz conjecture
conjecture in mathematics that concerns sequences
abc conjecture
number theory conjecture
Waring's problem
problem in number theory
Lucas number
number in the Lucas sequence where each number is the sum of the two preceding it (2, 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, ...)
Landau's problems
four basic unsolved problems about prime numbers: Goldbach’s conjecture; twin prime conjecture; Legendre’s conjecture; whether there are infinitely many primes of the form 𝑛²+1
Cullen number
number of the form n*(2^n)+1
Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture
conjecture
palindromic prime
prime number that is also a palindromic number
quasiperfect number
hypothetical number whose sum of divisors is twice the number plus 1
Pell number
denominator of close rational approximation to the square root of 2
Wilson prime
Type of prime number
Legendre's conjecture
conjecture that there is a prime between any two square numbers
Brocard's problem
the Diophantine problem of finding an integer, whose factorial plus one is a perfect square
sexy prime
pair of prime numbers that differ by 6
Sierpinski number
number k which k*2^n+1 is composite with all n
regular prime
Type of prime number
Lychrel number
number
Woodall number
natural number of the form n2^n − 1
Andrica's conjecture
conjecture
Erdős–Straus conjecture
unproven statement in number theory
Beal's conjecture
conjecture in number theory
double Mersenne number
numbers of the form 2^{2^p-1}-1, where p and 2^p-1 are prime numbers
Brocard's conjecture
conjecture
balanced prime
type of prime number
Fermat–Catalan conjecture
conjecture
Oppermann's conjecture
congruent number
positive integer that is the area of a right triangle with three rational number sides
Wagstaff prime
prime number of the form (2ⁿ+1)/3, where n is another prime
Gauss circle problem
problem of counting integer points within a circle of given radius centered at the origin
cousin prime
pair of prime numbers that differ by 4
Wieferich prime
prime such that p² divides 2ᵖ⁻¹-1
Euler brick
cuboid whose edges and face diagonals have integer lengths
Gilbreath's conjecture
conjecture on the pattern of forward differences of the sequence of prime numbers
Euclid number
number that is one more than the product of the first n prime numbers
superperfect number
positive integer which equals half of the sum of the divisors of the sum of its divisors
Cramér's conjecture
conjecture
friendly number
natural number sharing its abundancy index with at least one other number
Riesel number
odd natural number k such that k·2^n − 1 is composite for all natural n
Agoh–Giuga conjecture
number theory conjecture
Artin's conjecture on primitive roots
in numbers theory, a given integer a which is not a perfect square and not −1 is a primitive root modulo infinitely many primes p
Bunyakovsky conjecture
conjecture that gives a criterion for a univariate integer-coefficient polynomial to give infinitely many prime values
Fibonacci prime
prime number in the Fibonacci sequence
sums of three cubes
the mathematical problem of characterizing which integers are representable as sums of three cubes of integers
Mersenne conjectures
mathematical conjectures about Mersenne primes
prime triplet
set of three prime numbers in which the smallest and largest of the three differ by 6
Newman–Shanks–Williams prime
Firoozbakht’s conjecture
bound on the gaps between prime numbers
Second Hardy–Littlewood conjecture
conjecture about prime numbers
Lemoine's conjecture
conjecture that any odd integer >5 equals an odd prime plus an even semiprime
Elliott–Halberstam conjecture
on the distribution of prime numbers in arithmetic progressions
Wall–Sun–Sun prime
type of prime number conjectured to exist
Pierpont prime
prime number of the form 2ᵐ3ⁿ+1
prime quadruplet
four prime numbers of the form {p, p+2, p+6, p+8}