Vacuum tube computers

Early British cryptanalysis computer

thumb|275px|The EDVAC as installed in Building 328 at the Ballistic Research Laboratory EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) was one of the earliest electronic computers. It was built by Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States. Along with ORDVAC, it was a successor to the ENIAC. Unlike ENIAC, it was binary rather than decimal, and was designed to be a stored-program computer.

The Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC) was an early British computer. Inspired by John von Neumann's seminal First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC, the machine was constructed by Maurice Wilkes and his team at the University of Cambridge Mathematical Laboratory in England to provide a service to the university. EDSAC was the second electronic digital stored-program computer, after the Manchester Mark 1, to go into regular service.

first electronic stored-program computer

early electronic digital computing device

general purpose business computer model first produced in the United States in 1951.

English stored-program computer, 1949

One of the world's first commercially available general-purpose digital computers

historic computer network

vacuum tube computer

BESM (БЭСМ) is the series of Soviet mainframe computers built in 1950–60s. The name is an acronym for "Bolshaya (or Bystrodeystvuyushchaya) Elektronno-schotnaya Mashina" ("Большая электронно-счётная машина" or "Быстродействующая электронно-счётная машина"), meaning "Big Electronic Computing Machine" or "High-Speed Electronic Computing Machine". It was designed at the Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering

type of computer

1951 computer

BINAC (Binary Automatic Computer) is an early electronic computer that was designed for Northrop Aircraft Company by the Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation (EMCC) in 1949. Eckert and Mauchly had started the design of EDVAC at the University of Pennsylvania, but chose to leave and start EMCC, the first computer company in the United States. BINAC was their first product, the first stored-program computer in the United States; BINAC is also sometimes claimed to be the world's first commercial digital computer even though it was limited in scope and never fully functional after delivery.

computer

first electronic computer to be built at the Institute for Advanced Study

early computer model

Early British computer

early computer

CSIRAC (; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Automatic Computer), originally known as CSIR Mk 1, was Australia's first digital computer, and the fifth stored-program computer in the world. It is the oldest surviving first-generation electronic computer (the Zuse Z4 at the Deutsches Museum is older, but was electro-mechanical, not electronic). It was the first computer to play digital music.

MESM (Ukrainian: MEOM, Мала Електронна Обчислювальна Машина; Russian: МЭСМ, Малая Электронно-Счетная Машина; 'Small Electronic Calculating Machine') was the first universally programmable electronic computer in the Soviet Union. By some authors, it was also depicted as the first one in continental Europe, even though the electromechanical computers Zuse Z4 and the Swedish BARK preceded it.

univac computer introduced in 1953

first mainframe computer manufactured serially in the Soviet Union

first-generation electronic computer built in 1950

thumb|200px|right|Johnniac computer, Computer History Museum, California The JOHNNIAC was an early computer built in 1953 by the RAND Corporation (not Remington Rand, maker of the contemporaneous UNIVAC I computer) and based on the von Neumann architecture that had been pioneered on the IAS machine. It was named in honor of von Neumann, short for John von Neumann Numerical Integrator and Automatic Computer.

vacuum tube computer

1956 computer design

early commercial computer

series of stored-program electronic computers

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ORDVAC|thumb

1952 electronic stored-program computer

thumb|Librascope LGP-30 (with cover in place). thumb|An LGP-30 in use at Manhattan College (1965). thumb|250px|LGP-30 at The Computer Museum, Boston with cover removed. Control panel is at top center, to the left of the memory drum. The LGP-30, standing for Librascope General Purpose and then Librascope General Precision, is an early off-the-shelf computer. It was manufactured by the Librascope company of Glendale, California (a division of General Precision Inc.), and sold and serviced by the Royal Precision Electronic Computer Company, a joint venture with the Royal McBee division of the Roy

thumb|DASK in :da:Danmarks Tekniske Museum|Danmarks Tekniske Museum. The DASK was the first computer in Denmark. It was commissioned in 1955, designed and constructed by Regnecentralen, and began operation in September 1957. DASK is an acronym for Dansk Aritmetisk Sekvens Kalkulator or Danish Arithmetic Sequence Calculator. Regnecentralen almost did not allow the name, as the word dask means "slap" in Danish. In the end, however, it was named so as it fit the pattern of the name BESK, the Swedish computer which provided the initial architecture for DASK.

thumb|right|350px|The console of the BRLESC computer (US Army photo) right|thumb|BRLESC hardware (right) compared to its predecessors The BRLESC I (Ballistic Research Laboratories Electronic Scientific Computer) was one of the last of the first-generation electronic computers. It was built by the United States Army's Ballistic Research Laboratory (BRL) at Aberdeen Proving Ground with assistance from the National Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of Standards and Technology), and was designed to take over the computational workload of EDVAC and ORDVAC, which themselves were succes

right|300px right|thumb|SILLIAC being serviced by Peter Aplin of Sydney University

thumb|CER-10 computer (CPU inside), displayed at the Museum of Science and Technology, Belgrade

The RAYDAC (for Raytheon Digital Automatic Computer) was a one-of-a-kind computer built by Raytheon. It was started in 1949 and finished in 1953. It was installed at the Naval Air Missile Test Center at Point Mugu, California. The RAYDAC used 5,200 vacuum tubes and 18,000 crystal diodes. It had 1,152 words of memory (36 bits per word), using delay-line memory, with an access time of up to 305 microseconds. Its addition time was 38 microseconds, multiplication time was 240 microseconds, and division time was 375 microseconds. (These times exclude the memory-access

computer

thumb|BESK control panel thumb|Drum memory (bottom) and core memory (upper right) for the BESK computer

programmed punched card calculator

vacuum tube commercial computer released in 1958

digital computer