Vertebrate developmental biology

The placenta (: placentas or placentae) is a temporary embryonic and later fetal organ that begins developing from the blastocyst shortly after implantation. It plays critical roles in facilitating nutrient, gas, and waste exchange between the physically separate maternal and fetal circulations, and is an important endocrine organ, producing hormones that regulate both maternal and fetal physiology during pregnancy. The placenta connects to the fetus via the umbilical cord, and on the opposite aspect to the maternal uterus in a species-dependent manner. In humans, a thin layer of maternal deci

young of domestic cattle

conduit between embryo/fetus and the placenta

Xenopus () (from Greek ξενος, xenos 'strange' + πους, pous 'foot', commonly known as the clawed frog) is a genus of highly aquatic frogs native to sub-Saharan Africa. Twenty species are currently described within it. The two best-known species of this genus are Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis, which are commonly studied as model organisms for developmental biology, cell biology, toxicology, neuroscience and for modelling human disease and birth defects.

branch of translational research in tissue engineering and molecular biology dealing with the process of replacing, engineering, or regenerating biological units to (re-)establish normal function

glycoprotein layer surrounding the plasma membrane of mammalian oocytes

thumb|Lithopedion, lacking facial features, with calcification of the placenta and soft tissues

human disease

Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells.

physical activity of the fetus in utero

patch of hair growing in a circular direction around a visible center point

used to sample the intellectual growth of infants and toddlers

condition which causes the toes to point inward when walking

retention of juvenile traits into adulthood

Chordin (from Greek χορδή, string, catgut) is a protein with a prominent role in dorsal–ventral patterning during early embryonic development. In humans it is encoded for by the CHRD gene.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. Examples include legs, arms or some types of fin.

cloned sheep

The chondrocranium (or cartilaginous neurocranium) is the primitive cartilaginous skeletal structure of the fetal skull that grows to envelop the rapidly growing embryonic brain.