Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1891

The Mosin–Nagant is a five-shot, bolt-action, internal magazine–fed military rifle. Known officially as the 3-line rifle M1891, in Russia and the former Soviet Union as '''Mosin's rifle (, ISO 9: ) and informally just mosinka''' (), it is primarily chambered for the 7.62×54mmR cartridge.

Carcano, Mannlicher-Carcano, Carcano-Mannlicher, and Mauser-Parravicino, are frequently used names for a series of Italian bolt-action, En Bloc clip fed, repeating military rifles and carbines. Introduced in 1891, the rifle was officially designated as the Fucile Modello 1891 (Model 1891 Rifle) and chambered for the rimless 6.5×52mm Carcano round (Cartuccia a pallottola Modello 1891, later updated to Cartuccia a pallottola Modello 1891/95). It was developed by the chief technician Salvatore Carcano at the Turin Army Arsenal in 1890. Replacing the Vetterli-Vitali rifles and carbines in 10.35×47

thumb|right|Soviet World War II-era service cartridges: (Left to right) 7.62×54mmR, 7.62×39mm, 7.62×25mm thumb|right|Modern service rifle cartridge cases: (Left to right) 7.62×54mmR, 7.62×51mm NATO, [[7.62×39mm, 5.56×45mm NATO, 5.45×39mm ]] The 7.62×54mmR is a rimmed rifle cartridge developed by the Russian Empire and introduced as a service cartridge in 1891. Originally designed for the bolt-action Mosin–Nagant rifle, it was used during the late tsarist era and throughout the Soviet period to the present day. The cartridge remains one of the few standard-issue rimmed cartridges still in milit