Weathering

thumb|Reddish-brown bauxite thumb|Bauxite with Penny (United States coin)|US penny for comparison thumb|QEMSCAN mineral maps of bauxite ore-forming [[pisoliths]]

thumb|upright=1.35|A natural arch produced by erosion of differentially weathered rock in Jebel Kharaz ([[Jordan)]]

thumb|upright|Traditional laterite temple in Kerala thumb|upright|alt=This monument is constructed of laterite brickstones. It commemorates Buchanan who first described laterite at this site.|Monument of laterite brickstones at Angadipuram, [[Kerala, India, which commemorates where laterite was first described and discussed by Buchanan-Hamilton in 1807]]

thumb|Copper roof on the Minneapolis City Hall, coated with patina thumb|upright|The Dresden Frauenkirche. The church was destroyed during the [[bombing of Dresden in 1945 and rebuilt from 1993 to 2005 with new material; the stones with the black patina are the parts that survived the firebombing from the original 18th-century church.]] thumb|Pre-colonial copper coin formerly used in the Copper Belt ([[Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia). The external layer has been weathered by moisture and rain, leading to the oxidation of copper.]]

mechanical weathering processes induced by the freezing of water into ice

right|thumb|250px|Palagonite layers at Moya Beach, Mayotte. Palagonite is an alteration product from the interaction of water with volcanic glass of chemical composition similar to basalt. Palagonite can also result from the interaction between water and basalt melt. The water flashes to steam on contact with the hot lava and the small fragments of lava react with the steam to form the light-colored palagonite tuff cones common in areas of basaltic eruptions in contact with water. An example is found in the pyroclastic cones of the Galapagos Islands. Charles Darwin recognized the origin of the

accumulation of angular, coarse-grained fragments resulting from the granular disintegration of crystalline rocks

thumb|right|250px|alt=This is a diagram and related photograph of soil layers from bedrock to soil.|A represents soil; B represents [[laterite, a regolith; C represents saprolite, a less-weathered regolith; beneath C is bedrock.]]

form of chemical weathering that affects jointed bedrock

weathering of a rock's surface

geoengineering approaches that use the dissolution of natural or artificially created minerals to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

Haloclasty (also called salt weathering) is a type of physical weathering caused by the growth and thermal expansion of salt crystals. The process starts when saline water seeps into deep cracks and evaporates depositing salt crystals. When the rocks are then heated, the crystals will expand putting pressure on the surrounding rock which will over time splinter the stone into fragments.

Sediment in water

thumb|Look of tomato plants when missing essential nutrients they need Agrominerals (also known as stone bread or petrol fertilizer) are minerals of importance to agriculture and horticulture industries for they can provide essential plant nutrients. Some agrominerals occur naturally or can be processed to be used as alternative fertilizers or soil amendments. The term agromineral was created in the 19th century and is now one of the leading research topics for sustainable agriculture. These geomaterials are used to replenish the nutrients and amend soils. Agrominerals started with small uses

Terrestrial alteration of a meteorite