Yuan dynasty

Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China (1271–1368)

thumb|Ruins of Shangdu Shangdu (; lit. "Upper Capital"; ), known in the West as Xanadu, was the summer capital of the Yuan dynasty. Located in what is now Zhenglan Banner, Inner Mongolia, it was designed by Chinese architect Liu Bingzhong and served as a seasonal retreat blending Mongolian steppe traditions with Chinese urban planning. The site gained legendary status after it was visited by Marco Polo and later inspired the English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

The Borjigin or Borjigids are a Mongol tribal clan founded in the early 10th century or, around 900 AD. by Bodonchar Munkhag. The senior line of Borjigids provided ruling princes for Mongolia and Inner Mongolia until the 20th century. The clan formed the ruling class among the Mongols and other peoples of Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Today, the Borjigids are found in Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Buryatia, and Xinjiang, and genetic research shows that descent from Genghis Khan and Timur is common throughout Central and East Asia.

unmarked secret burial place in Mongolia

from 1259 when Möngke Khan died, to 1294

thumb|Ma Hajji, a Song Dynasty official in Yunnan (a descendant of Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din Omar), and his young son Ma He, future admiral [[Zheng He, as imagined by a modern Kunyang sculptor.]] The Semu () were the name of a political class in Imperial China, made up of foreign experts who came to serve the political systems of Imperial China. The Semu were not a self-defined ethnic group unto themselves; rather, "Semu" was initially an exonym for various Central and East Asian peoples under the Yuan Dynasty. The Semu were one of the four "castes" which Yuan society was divided into, along w

seal of the Mongol Empire

aspect of Chinese history

Earthquake in northeast China (27 September 1290)

imperial dynasty of China ruled by a non-Han ethnicity