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I don't have specific historical context about the year 264 BC provided to me, so I cannot write an accurate overview based solely on what you've asked. To give you a reliable 2-sentence explanation of why 264 BC matters historically, I would need you to provide the relevant context or historical details about that year.
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Article
Roman expansion in Italy from 500 BC to 218 BC through the Latin War (light red), Samnite Wars (pink/orange), Pyrrhic War (beige), and First and Second Punic War (yellow and green). The Roman Republic in 264 BC is marked with all colours except light green and white.
Year 264 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caudex and Flaccus (or, less frequently, year 490 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 264 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.