File:Red_Giant_Earth_warm.jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons
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- start time
- 3001-01-01
- end time
- 4000-12-31
- Commons category
- 4th millennium
- point in time
- 4000-01-01
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Article
Artist's concept of the Earth 5–7.5 billion years from now, when the Sun has become a red giant
While the future cannot be predicted with certainty, present understanding in various scientific fields allows for the prediction of some far-future events, if only in the broadest outline. These fields include astrophysics, which studies how planets and stars form, interact and die; particle physics, which has revealed how matter behaves at the smallest scales; evolutionary biology, which studies how life evolves over time; plate tectonics, which shows how continents shift over millennia; and sociology, which examines how human societies and cultures evolve.