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Ascomycota

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Ascomycota

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Also known as ascomycetes fungi

The Ascomycota are a phylum in the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, form the subkingdom Dikarya. Members of Ascomycota are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The defining feature of this fungal group is the ascus (), a microscopic sexual structure in which nonmotile spores, called ascospores, are formed. However, some species of Ascomycota are asexual and thus do not form asci or ascospores. Familiar examples of sac fungi include morels, truffles, brewers' and bakers' yeast, dead man's fingers, and cu

AI overview

Ascomycota, commonly called sac fungi, are the largest group of fungi and are defined by their use of a microscopic pouch called an ascus to produce spores for reproduction. They include many organisms important to humans, such as baker's yeast and truffles, as well as various other fungi found in nature.

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Species

ascomycete fungi

Ascomycota

PHYLUM

  1. KingdomFungi
  2. PhylumAscomycota
Habitatmarine, brackish, freshwater
Observations recorded27,652,457

子囊菌门(学名:Ascomycota)是真菌界中种类最多的一个门,其中除酵母亚门为单细胞外,其余种类都是多细胞的,有分枝、有隔的菌丝组成的。它与担子菌门(Basidiomycota)一起构成了双核亚界(Dikarya)。其成员通常被称为囊菌或子囊菌。 它们是真菌最大的门,有超过64,000种[2]。 在无性繁殖时,会出芽或分生孢子;有性繁殖时都能形成有盖或无盖的、棒状或卵形的子囊,通常子囊内进行减数分裂生成八个子囊孢子,子囊分散、单细胞种类子囊裸露、多细胞种类子囊包在由菌丝结成的子实体内,称为子囊果。 子囊菌门的真菌都是寄生或腐生,对人类生活非常重要的有酵母菌、冬虫夏草、青霉菌、可以食用的羊肚菌等,也有很多种为植物致病菌。 分類 子囊菌门是一类较高等的真菌,可分成以下三個亞門: 外囊菌亞門 (Taphrinomycotina) 粒毛盘菌纲 Neolectomycetes 肺孢子菌纲 Pneumocystidomycetes 裂殖酵母纲 Schizosaccharomycetes 外囊菌纲 Taphrinomycetes 酵母亞門 (Saccharomycotina) 酵母纲 Saccharomycetes 盘菌亞門 (Pezizomycotina) 星裂菌纲 Arthoniomycetes 座囊菌綱 Dothideomycetes 散囊菌綱 Eurotiomycetes 蟲囊菌綱 Laboulbeniomycetes 茶渍纲 Lecanoromycetes 錘舌菌綱 Leotiomycetes 李基那地衣纲 Lichinomycetes 圓盤菌綱 Orbiliomycetes 盤菌綱 Pezizomycetes 糞殼菌綱 Sordariomycetes 刺盾炱纲 Chaetothyriomycetes 参考资料 ^ Cavalier-Smith, T. A revised six-kingdom system of Life. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 1998, 73 (3): 203–266. PMID 9809012. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x. ^ Kirk et al., p. 55. 维基物种中的分类信息:子囊菌门 查 论 编 後鞭毛生物:真菌分類表 域 古菌 细菌 真核生物 (界 植物 Hacrobia(英语:Template:Hacrobia) 不等鞭毛类(英语:Template:Heterokont) 囊泡虫 有孔虫(英语:Template:Rhizaria) 古虫 变形虫(英语:Template:Amoebozoa) 动物 真菌) 雙核亞界子囊菌門 酵母菌类 盤菌亞門 錘舌菌类(英语:Leotio

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Wikidata facts

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Xylaria polymorpha a1.JPG
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taxon name
Ascomycota
Commons category
Ascomycota
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~41 min read

Article

26 sections
Contents
  • Reproduction in ascomycetes
  • Conidia formation
  • Budding
  • Characteristics of ascomycetes
  • Modern classification
  • Outdated taxon names
  • Morphology
  • Metabolism
  • Distribution and living environment
  • Reproduction
  • Asexual reproduction
  • Asexual spores
  • Conidiogenesis and dehiscence
  • Heterokaryosis and parasexuality
  • Sexual reproduction
  • Formation of sexual spores
  • Ecology
  • Lichens
  • Mycorrhizal fungi and endophytes
  • Symbiotic relationships with animals
  • Plant disease interactions
  • Human disease interactions
  • Beneficial effects for humans
  • See also
  • Notes
  • Cited texts

The Ascomycota are a phylum in the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, form the subkingdom Dikarya. Members of Ascomycota are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The defining feature of this fungal group is the ascus (), a microscopic sexual structure in which nonmotile spores, called ascospores, are formed. However, some species of Ascomycota are asexual and thus do not form asci or ascospores. Familiar examples of sac fungi include morels, truffles, brewers' and bakers' yeast, dead man's fingers, and cup fungi. The fungal symbionts in the majority of lichens (loosely termed "ascolichens") such as Cladonia belong to the Ascomycota.

Ascomycota are a monophyletic group (containing all of the descendants of a common ancestor). Previously placed in the Basidiomycota along with asexual species from other fungal taxa, asexual (or anamorphic) ascomycetes are now identified and classified based on morphological or physiological similarities to ascus-bearing taxa, and by phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences.

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