Assam

Assam is a state in northeastern India, located south of the Eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. It covers an area of , and is the second largest state in northeastern India by area. As per the 2011 census, the state had a population of 31.2 million, and is the largest in terms of population in the region. It shares international borders with Bhutan to the north and with Bangladesh to the southwest. It borders the Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh to the north; Nagaland and Manipur to the east; Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram to the south; and West Bengal to the west. It is connected to the rest of the India to the west via the Siliguri Corridor, a wide strip of land. Dispur is capital of Assam while Dibrugarh is the second capital. Guwahati is the largest city and urban area in the state.

Archaeological evidence from the region indicate early settlements from the second to first century BCE. Though the region finds mention in the Hindu epic Mahabharata, there is a lack of substantial archaeological evidence regarding its ancient history. The region is described as one of the frontiers of the Gupta Empire in fourth century CE. It was ruled by Varmanas (c. 350–650 CE), Mlechchhas (c.655–900 CE) and Kamarupa-Palas (c. 900–1100 CE) later. The Ahom kingdom was established in the 13th century CE, and ruled till the early 19th century CE. The period saw various conflicts with the Mughals. After the Moamoria rebellion and Burmese invasions weakened the Ahom kingdom, the British started establishing tea estates in the region in the 19th century CE. The region became part of the Bengal Presidency, and the Assam Province was established in 1912. The Assam Legislative Assembly was formed in 1937. The province became part of Independent India on 15 August 1947, and was recognised as a state after India became a republic on 26 January 1950.