Brexit

Also known as British withdrawal from the European Union, British exit, United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union, United Kingdom's withdrawal from the EU, withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union, withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU, British withdrawal from the EU

thumb|right|The United Kingdom in orange; the European Union (27 member states) in blue: a representation of the result of Brexit Brexit (; a portmanteau of "Britain" and "Exit") was the withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU).

AI overview

Brexit was the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union, which it had been a member of for decades. It matters because this decision significantly changed the UK's political and economic relationships with Europe and reshaped trade, immigration, and governance arrangements between the two.

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short name: Brexit
Commons category: Brexit
hashtag: Brexit
WordLift URL: data.thenextweb.com/tnw/entity/brexit
point in time: 2020-01-31
social media followers: 55761

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~82 min read

Article

54 sections

Contents

Timeline
Terminology and etymology
Background: the United Kingdom and EC/EU membership
Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom and the role of the EU leadership
Background
Role of the EU leadership
Electoral success and the 2016 referendum
Opinion polls 1977–2015
2016 EU membership referendum <span class="anchor" id="Referendum of 2016"></span>
Negotiations for membership reform
Referendum result
Voter demographics and trends
Post-referendum investigations
Withdrawal process
Invocation of Article 50
2017 UK general election
UK–EU negotiations in 2017 and 2018
May's agreement and failed ratification
Article 50 extensions and Johnson's agreement
2019 UK general election
Ratification and departure
Transition period and final trade agreement
United Kingdom legislation after Article 50 notification
European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018
Exit day
Additional government bills
Nuclear Safeguards Act 2018
European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020
Public opinion since the Brexit referendum
Prior to 2020
2020–present
No-deal planning
Litigation
Impact
Economic effects
Local and geographic effects
Effects on the European Union
Sectorial effects
Academia
Aviation
Finance
Fishing
Health Services
Immigration
Law and Security
Trade
Utilities
Cultural references
See also
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
About court cases

Brexit took place at 23:00 GMT on 31 January 2020 (00:00 1 February 2020 CET). The UK, which joined the EU precursor, the European Communities (EC), on 1 January 1973, is the only member state to have withdrawn, although previously the territories of Algeria ceased to be part of the EC following its independence from the member state France in 1962 and Greenland (part of the Kingdom of Denmark) left the EC in 1985. Following Brexit, EU law and the Court of Justice of the European Union no longer have primacy over British law but the UK remains bound by obligations in treaties it has with other countries around the world, including many with EU member states and with the EU itself. The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 retains relevant EU law as domestic law, which the UK can amend or repeal.