Brexit
Sign in to savethumb|right|The United Kingdom in orange; the European Union (27 member states) in blue: a representation of the result of Brexit Brexit (; a portmanteau of "Britain" and "Exit") was the withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU).
AI overview
Brexit was the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union, which it had been a member of for decades. It matters because this decision significantly changed the UK's political and economic relationships with Europe and reshaped trade, immigration, and governance arrangements between the two.
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Article
54 sectionsContents
- Timeline
- Terminology and etymology
- Background: the United Kingdom and EC/EU membership
- Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom and the role of the EU leadership
- Background
- Role of the EU leadership
- Electoral success and the 2016 referendum
- Opinion polls 1977–2015
- 2016 EU membership referendum <span class="anchor" id="Referendum of 2016"></span>
- Negotiations for membership reform
- Referendum result
- Voter demographics and trends
- Post-referendum investigations
- Withdrawal process
- Invocation of Article 50
- 2017 UK general election
- UK–EU negotiations in 2017 and 2018
- May's agreement and failed ratification
- Article 50 extensions and Johnson's agreement
- 2019 UK general election
- Ratification and departure
- Transition period and final trade agreement
- United Kingdom legislation after Article 50 notification
- European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018
- Exit day
- Additional government bills
- Nuclear Safeguards Act 2018
- European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020
- Public opinion since the Brexit referendum
- Prior to 2020
- 2020–present
- No-deal planning
- Litigation
- Impact
- Economic effects
- Local and geographic effects
- Effects on the European Union
- Sectorial effects
- Academia
- Aviation
- Finance
- Fishing
- Health Services
- Immigration
- Law and Security
- Trade
- Utilities
- Cultural references
- See also
- Notes
- References
- Further reading
- External links
- About court cases
thumb|right|The United Kingdom in orange; the European Union (27 member states) in blue: a representation of the result of Brexit Brexit (; a portmanteau of "Britain" and "Exit") was the withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU).
Brexit took place at 23:00 GMT on 31 January 2020 (00:00 1 February 2020 CET). The UK, which joined the EU precursor, the European Communities (EC), on 1 January 1973, is the only member state to have withdrawn, although previously the territories of Algeria ceased to be part of the EC following its independence from the member state France in 1962 and Greenland (part of the Kingdom of Denmark) left the EC in 1985. Following Brexit, EU law and the Court of Justice of the European Union no longer have primacy over British law but the UK remains bound by obligations in treaties it has with other countries around the world, including many with EU member states and with the EU itself. The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 retains relevant EU law as domestic law, which the UK can amend or repeal.