Budilnik (, Alarm clock) was a weekly Russian illustrated satirical journal published originally, in 1865—1871, in Saint Petersburg, then, in 1873—1917, in Moscow.
Budilnik (, Alarm clock) was a weekly Russian illustrated satirical journal published originally, in 1865—1871, in Saint Petersburg, then, in 1873—1917, in Moscow.
==History and profile== The magazine was founded by the artist and caricaturist Nikolai Stepanov (formerly a co-editor of Iskra, with Vasily Kurochkin) who for six years was its editor-in-chief. During this time Bidilnik was (alongside Iskra) the leading force of political satire in Russia, warring with the right wing and conservative press, mostly Katkov's Moskovskiye Vedomosti and Krayevsky's Golos. The magazine's circulation reached its peak in 1866 (around 4200) and since then was slowly declining. In mid-1870s Budilnik became an apolitical, purely entertaining journal. Among his later editors were A.P. Sukhov, A.D. Kurepin, L.N. Utkin, E.G. Arnold, Nikolai Kicheyev, Vladimir Levinsky.
Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).