Cartonema

Cartonema is a genus of perennial or annual monocotyledonous flowering plants in the dayflower family. It is restricted to Australia and nearby Trangan Island, one of Indonesia's Aru Islands. It is the earliest diverging member of its family and has a number of traits that are unique within it, such as non-succulent leaves and a lack of raphides (a particular form of calcium oxalate). Its distinctive features led to the genus to once be considered part of its own separate family, Cartonemataceae. However, analysis of DNA sequences, as well as many common anatomical characters, has supported its relationship with the Commelinaceae. It contains seven species.

==Description== Plants in the genus may be either annuals or perennials, and in the latter case they sometimes have tubers. The leaves are spirally arranged, lack a leaf stalk, and are covered in glandular hairs; the leaf blade is linear. Flowers are borne on an inflorescence that either occurs along the main shoot or at its terminus, in the form of either a spike or a raceme. As with all members of the family Commelinaceae, the ultimate inflorescence unit is a cincinnus, also called scorpioid cymes, which are monochasiums (i.e. cymes with a single branched main false axis) in which the lateral branches arise alternately on opposite sides of the false axis. However, in Cartonema the cincinnus is highly reduced such that each only bears one flower. The flowers are bisexual, radially symmetrical, and lack a stalk. The sepals are not fused and bear glandular hairs, while the petals are yellow to pink (in rare cases) and are also unfused. They bear six fertile stamens which have no hairs on their filaments and release pollen from a slit that develops from top to bottom, known as longitudinal dehiscence. The ovary is composed of three carpels with two or more ovules in each. The fruit is a capsule opening with three valves. The seeds are arranged in a single row within the capsule and show a small point-like scar where previously attached to the carpel (i.e. the hilum is punctiform). The diploid chromosome number is 24.