Chouannerie
Sign in to saveThe Chouannerie (; from the Chouan brothers, two of its leaders) was a royalist uprising or counter-revolution in twelve of the western départements of France, particularly in the provinces of Brittany and Maine, against the First Republic during the French Revolution. It played out in three phases and lasted from spring 1794 to 1800. The revolt was comparable to the War in the Vendée, which took place in the Vendée region.
Key facts
- Military conflict.partof
- French Revolutionary Wars
- Military conflict.date
- 1793–1800
- Military conflict.place
- Brittany, Maine, Normandy
- Military conflict.result
- Inconclusive French republican forces were unable to defeat the Chouans militarily, Chouans ceased fighting after peace agreements in 1796 and 1800
- Military conflict.image
- File:DéfenseRochefort-en-terre2.jpg
- Military conflict.caption
- The defence of Rochefort-en-Terre, painting by Alexandre Bloch, 1885
- Military conflict.combatant1
- French Republic
- Military conflict.combatant2
- Chouans Émigrés
- Military conflict.strength1
- Army of the West:1795: 68,000 men1799: 45,000 men1800: 75,000 men
- Military conflict.strength2
- 1795–1800: ~55,000 men
- Military conflict.commander1
- Jean-Baptiste de CanclauxJean-Michel BeysserJean Antoine RossignolJean-Baptiste KléberLazare HocheJean HumbertGuillaume BruneGabriel d'HédouvillePierre QuantinClaude Ursule Gency
- Military conflict.commander2
- Georges CadoudalJoseph de PuisayeJean ChouanMarie Paul de ScépeauxAimé du BoisguyLouis de FrottéPierre GuillemotAmateur de BoishardyComte Louis de RosmorducLouis de BourmontLouis d'AndignéPierre-Mathurin MercierJean-Louis TretonGuillaume Le Métayer Charles Armand Tuffin, marquis de la Rouërie
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Article
13 sectionsContents
- Origins
- Uprising
- First phase 1794–1795
- Second phase 1795–1796
- Third phase
- Leaders
- In popular culture
- Bibliography
- Historical
- Works of fiction
- References
- Further reading
- External links
The Chouannerie (; from the Chouan brothers, two of its leaders) was a royalist uprising or counter-revolution in twelve of the western départements of France, particularly in the provinces of Brittany and Maine, against the First Republic during the French Revolution. It played out in three phases and lasted from spring 1794 to 1800. The revolt was comparable to the War in the Vendée, which took place in the Vendée region.
The uprising was provoked principally by the Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1790), which attempted to impose Caesaropapism upon the Catholic Church in France, and the mass conscription, or levée en masse (1793), which was decided by the National Convention. A first attempt at staging an uprising was carried out by the Association bretonne to defend the French monarchy and reinstate the devolved government, specific laws, and customs of Duchy of Brittany, which had all been repealed in 1789. The first confrontations broke out in 1792 and developed in stages into a peasant revolt, guerrilla warfare and finally full-scale battles. It ended only after Chouan leaders accepted the treaties of Montfaucon and Beauregard in 1800.