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Sign in to savethumb In France, Italy, Belgium, and some other civil law countries, a ' (French), (Italian) or ' (Dutch) consists of a text intended for the members of a service, of an enterprise, or of an administration.
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thumb In France, Italy, Belgium, and some other civil law countries, a ' (French), (Italian) or ' (Dutch) consists of a text intended for the members of a service, of an enterprise, or of an administration.
Within the French and Belgian civil service, a originates from a ministry with the aim of giving an interpretation of a legal text or of a regulation (a decree, or Royal Order), with a view to applying such a regulation consistently. As such, a depends on the general principles of law, but carries more weight than mere administrative acts.