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thumb|upright=1.3|Cospeciation and host-parasite associations. From top to bottom: Cospeciation: host and parasite speciate concurrently Host switching: speciation as parasite switches hosts and evolves in reproductive isolation Independent speciation: parasite speciates on same host, reasons unrelated to host Extinction: parasite goes extinct on host Missing the boat: host speciates but parasite does not end up reproductively isolated Cospeciation is a form of coevolution in which the speciation of one species dictates speciation of another species and is most commonly studied in host-parasit