doctoral thesis
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A doctoral thesis is a substantial research document that a student writes to demonstrate their expertise and make an original contribution to their field of study as part of earning a doctoral degree. It matters because it shows that the candidate has conducted rigorous, independent investigation and can produce significant new knowledge in their area.
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Dutch 18th century doctoral ceremony at Leiden University shown on the frontispiece of a PhD thesis, Netherlands. Disputatio philosophica inauguralis de spatio vacuo (lit. 'Inaugural Philosophical Disputation on Empty Space') by Guilielmus ab Irhoven (Willem van Irhoven) on the authority of the Rector magnificus Johannes Jacobus Vitriarius (Jan Jacob Glazenmaker), 7 July 1721.
A thesis (pl.: theses), or dissertation (abbreviated diss.), is a document submitted in support of candidature for an academic degree or professional qualification presenting the author's research and findings. In some contexts, the word thesis or a cognate is used for part of a bachelor's or master's course, while dissertation is normally applied to a doctorate. This is the typical arrangement in American English. In other contexts, such as within most institutions of the United Kingdom, Commonwealth Countries, and Brazil, the reverse is true. The term graduate thesis is sometimes used to refer to both master's theses and doctoral dissertations.