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Also known as shakehole, sink-hole, swallet, swallow hole, sink hole, sink, sinkhole
由某種形式的崩塌引起的地面凹陷或洞
A doline is a type of enclosed depression or hole in the ground, similar to a sinkhole, that can also be called a shakehole. Dolines matter because they represent natural formations where the ground surface has collapsed, and they can affect land use, drainage patterns, and the landscape in regions where they occur.
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Article · 中文
地陷是一種具有陡峭而圈闭的岩壁、深陷的井状或者桶状轮廓的深坑,也叫沉洞(英語:sinkhole)、吞口(英語:swallow hole)、動搖洞。 地陷通常一般出現於有水流經的可溶性岩層(如石灰岩),當空氣中的二氧化碳溶解在雨水裡,就會令雨水變成弱酸性,從土表滲進地下後,土壤生物呼吸產生的二氧化碳進一步增強水的酸性,水流過岩層時,會慢慢的侵蝕出小洞。當小洞日漸擴大時,可能會令地表突然塌陷,這類地陷屬於喀斯特地形,在地質學上稱為落水洞(中國大陸)、渗穴(台灣)、岩溶塌陷,即真正的sinkhole。平均深度和直径超过100米的岩溶塌陷称为天坑。 有些地陷的成因與岩石的溶解侵蝕無關,不屬於喀斯特地形,因此称为偽喀斯特地陷(pseudokarst sinkhole)。此類地陷不宜用落水洞、渗穴、天坑等專指喀斯特地陷的地質學術語稱呼。
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