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Earth

Also known as Planet Earth, World, Mother Earth, The Blue Planet, The Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. This is made possible by Earth being an ocean world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all of Earth's water is contained in its global ocean, covering 70.8% of Earth's crust. The remaining 29.2% of Earth's crust is land, most of which is located in the form of continental landmasses within Earth's land hemisphere. Most of Earth's land is at least somewhat humid and covered by vegetation, while large ice sheets at Earth's polar deserts retain more water than Earth

OverviewAI-generated

Earth is a planet that has existed for about 4540 million years. It follows a heliocentric orbit around the Sun. The planet has a mass of 5972.37 and a radius of 6378.137. Its shape is described as an oblate spheroid, geoid, ball, or disk. The orbital eccentricity is 0.016710219, with a flattening of 0.0033528. The semi-major axis of the orbit is 149598023. The apoapsis is 151930000 and the periapsis is 147095000. The argument of periapsis is 114.20783.

The planet has a volume of 1083210000000. It includes Earth's crust, Earth's core, the mantle, and the atmosphere of Earth. The highest points are Chimborazo, Mauna Kea, Aconcagua, and Mount Everest. The lowest point is Challenger Deep, also known as Galathea Depth. The population is 8117059282. The history of the topic includes human history, the history of Earth, and the geological history of Earth. The subject is noted in the Commons category and gallery as Earth.

Synthesized by Vinony from 27 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubMed, MusicBrainz, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Wikipedia views (30d)

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Key facts

Planet.background: LightSalmon
Planet.name: Earth
Planet.symbol: 24px|class=skin-invert|🜨 and class=skin-invert|24px|♁
Planet.image: Meteosat-12-fci-march-equinox-2025-noon.jpg
Planet.image_alt: Earth as seen from Meteosat 12, during the March equinox
Planet.caption: Earth as seen from Meteosat 12 in 2025, during the March equinox
Planet.epoch: J2000
Planet.time_periastron: 3 January 2026
Planet.asc_node: – J2000 ecliptic
Planet.satellites: 1, the Moon
Planet.allsatellites: yes
Planet.flattening: 1/ (ETRS89)
Planet.surface_grav: (exactly 1 g0)
Planet.moment_of_inertia_factor: 0.3307
Planet.rot_velocity: 1674.4 km/h
Planet.single_temperature: (blackbody temperature)
Planet.atmosphere: yes
Planet.temp_name1:

via Wikipedia infobox

Research

179,648 papers

The microbial engines that drive Earth's biogeochemical cycles.ReviewScience (New York, N.Y.) · 2008Falkowski PG, Fenchel T, Delong EFDOI: 10.1126/science.1153213
Defending Earth's terrestrial microbiome.ReviewNature microbiology · 2022Averill C, Anthony MA, Baldrian P et al.DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01228-3
Earth's Stratosphere and Microbial Life.ReviewCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2020DasSarma P, Antunes A, Simões MF et al.DOI: 10.21775/cimb.038.197
Earthing: health implications of reconnecting the human body to the Earth's surface electrons.ReviewJournal of environmental and public health · 2012Chevalier G, Sinatra ST, Oschman JL et al.DOI: 10.1155/2012/291541
Integrating Earth-life systems: a geogenomic approach.ReviewTrends in ecology & evolution · 2022Dolby GA, Bennett SEK, Dorsey RJ et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.12.004
Earth's most needed uncultivated aquatic prokaryotes.ReviewWater research · 2025Simon SA, Aschmann V, Behrendt A et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122928
Evolution of Earth's tectonic carbon conveyor belt.ReviewNature · 2022Müller RD, Mather B, Dutkiewicz A et al.DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04420-x
Beyond Earth: Harnessing Marine Resources for Sustainable Space Colonization.ReviewMarine drugs · 2024Lemos MFLDOI: 10.3390/md22110481

via PubMed

~40 min read

Encyclopedic overview

37 sections

Contents

Etymology
Natural history
Formation
After formation
Future
Bulk properties
Size and shape
Internal structure
Chemical composition
Internal heat
Magnetic field
{{Anchor|Surface}} Surface environment
Tectonic plates
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Upper atmosphere
Weather and climate
Orbit and rotation
Rotation
Orbit and location
Axial tilt and seasons
{{Anchor|Earth–Moon system}} Gravitational domain and influence
Gravitational field
Moon
Asteroids and artificial satellites
Life on Earth
Origin of life and evolution
Challenges for life on Earth
Earth and humans
Human geography
Natural resources and land use
Environmental impact
Cultural and historical viewpoint
See also
Notes
References
External links

Surface equivalent dose rate0.274 μSv/h Absolute magnitude (H) −3.99 Atmosphere Surface pressure 101.325 kPa (at sea level) Composition by volume78.08% nitrogen (dry air) 20.95% oxygen (dry air) ≤1% water vapor (variable) 0.9340% argon 0.0430% carbon dioxide 0.00182% neon 0.00052% helium 0.00017% methane 0.00011% krypton 0.00006% hydrogen

Source:

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Earth” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.