embryology
Sign in to savethumb|240px|right|1 - morula, 2 - [[blastula]] thumb|240px|1 - blastula, 2 - gastrula with [[blastopore; orange - ectoderm, red - endoderm]] Embryology (from Greek , , ; and , -logia) is the branch of zoology that studies the prenatal development of gametes sex cells, fertilization and development of embryos and fetuses. Embryology includes teratology, the study of congenital disorders that occur before birth.
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Embryology is the branch of zoology that studies how organisms develop before birth, from the formation of sex cells and fertilization through the growth of embryos and fetuses. It includes the study of birth defects and other disorders that develop before birth, which helps us understand both normal development and what can go wrong during pregnancy.
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Article
34 sectionsContents
- Comparative embryology
- Preformationism and epigenesis
- Cleavage
- Holoblastic
- Meroblastic
- Basal phyla
- Bilaterians
- Germ layers
- ''Drosophila melanogaster'' (fruit fly)
- Humans
- Evolutionary embryology
- Von Baer's principles
- Origins of modern embryology
- Modern embryology research
- Medical embryology
- Vertebrate and invertebrate embryology
- Origin of developmental biology
- History
- Ancient Egypt
- Ancient Asia
- Ancient Greece
- Pre-Socratic philosophers
- Hippocrates
- Aristotle
- Later Greek embryology
- Patristics
- Embryology in Jewish tradition
- Embryology in the Islamic tradition
- See also
- References
- Citations
- Sources
- Further reading
- External links
thumb|240px|right|1 - morula, 2 - [[blastula]] thumb|240px|1 - blastula, 2 - gastrula with [[blastopore; orange - ectoderm, red - endoderm]] Embryology (from Greek , , ; and , -logia) is the branch of zoology that studies the prenatal development of gametes sex cells, fertilization and development of embryos and fetuses. Embryology includes teratology, the study of congenital disorders that occur before birth.
Early embryology, put forward by Marcello Malpighi, was preformationist in concept: based on the idea that organisms develop from pre-existing miniature versions of themselves. The theory now accepted, epigenesis, is the idea that organisms develop from seed or egg in a sequence of steps. This concept was proposed in antiquity by Aristotle. Modern embryology developed from the work of Karl Ernst von Baer, though accurate observations had been made in Italy by anatomists such as Aldrovandi and Leonardo da Vinci in the Renaissance.