Also known as French Republic
Staat in Westeuropa mit Überseegebieten
France is a Western European country that also includes overseas regions and territories scattered across South America, the North Atlantic, the Caribbean, and the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It matters as a major European nation with significant global presence through its far-flung territories and borders with multiple neighboring countries including Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom.
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France is known for its long turbulent history, unique flair and lifestyle, and picturesque old towns, châteaux and fortresses. It is also blessed with its landscapes, where the sun shines gold upon the connectedness of nature.
For restrictions on imports, see European Union#Customs.
thumb|The cathedral at Reims, Champagne-Ardenne, Northeastern France
If your first thought of France is the Eiffel Tower, the Arc de Triomphe or the smile on the Mona Lisa, you're thinking of Paris. Paris, the "City of Light" and the capital of romance has been a travellers' magnet for centuries, hosting intellectuals who drank coffee in its lively cafés and dancers and jazz musicians who performed for them in the historic bars and nightclubs of Montmartre. But there is much more to France than Paris. France is full of gorgeous villages in the countryside; there are splendid châteaux, especially in the Loire Valley, and you can also find areas of lavender fields or vineyards as far as the eye can see. It is impossible to cover all of France's sights and attractions, but we present a summary below; there is more details in city and region guides.
thumb|Place du Général de Gaulle, Lille There's a plethora of activities for the budding traveller to engage in, from music and ballet to ski resorts and hiking trails.
For martial arts enthusiasts, France played a key role in the development of modern Olympic fencing, and is considered to be the spiritual home of the sport.
thumb|Interior of L'Auberge du Pont de Collonges, a 3-Michelin-star restaurant
With its international reputation for fine dining, few people would be surprised to hear that French cuisine can certainly be very good. As a testament to this, France is tied with Japan for first place as the country with the most Michelin star restaurants. French cuisine as a whole has been inscribed on the UNESCO list of intangible cultural heritage. Unfortunately, the local food can also be quite disappointing; many restaurants that cater to tourists serve very ordinary fare, and some are rip-offs. Finding the right restaurant and one where French people go to is therefore very important — try asking locals, hotel staff or even browsing restaurant guides or websites for recommendations as simply walking in off the street can be a hit and miss affair. The downside is that outside of the tourist traps, it is very rare to find a restaurant with English-speaking waiters, so be prepared to have to speak some French.
Frankreich [ˈfʁaŋkʁaɪ̯ç] (französisch [fʁɑ̃s], amtlich la République française [ʁe.py.ˈblik fʁɑ̃.ˈsɛz], deutsch Französische Republik) ist ein demokratischer, interkontinentaler Einheitsstaat in Westeuropa mit Überseegebieten auf mehreren Erdteilen. Metropolitan-Frankreich, d. h. der europäische Teil des Staatsgebietes, erstreckt sich vom Mittelmeer bis zum Ärmelkanal und zur Nordsee sowie vom Rhein bis zum Atlantischen Ozean. Sein Festland wird wegen der Landesform als Hexagone (Sechseck) bezeichnet. Frankreich ist flächenmäßig das größte und nach Einwohnern (hinter Deutschland) das zweitgrößte Land der Europäischen Union. Es umfasst (nach Russland und der Ukraine) das drittgrößte Staatsgebiet in Europa. Paris ist die Hauptstadt und als Agglomeration mit dem Gemeindeverband Métropole du Grand Paris und den umliegenden Gebieten der Region Île-de-France größter Ballungsraum des Landes vor Lyon, Marseille-Aix-en-Provence, Lille und Toulouse. Aus dem westlichen Teil des Fränkischen Reiches hervorgegangen, erweiterte Frankreich während des Mittelalters, meist in Rivalität mit dem Königreich England und dem Heiligen Römischen Reich, seinen kulturellen und militärischen Einfluss in Europa, bis Frankreich schließlich im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert eine europäische Führungsrolle und Vormachtstellung innehatte. Bedeutend war die politische und kulturelle Ausstrahlung: Die Hofhaltung Ludwigs XIV. wurde zum Vorbild absolutistischer Staaten in ganz Europa und die Französische Revolution mit der Erklärung der Menschen- und Bürgerrechte gab zusammen mit Okkupationen durch Napoleon Bonaparte in vielen Ländern den Auftakt zu der immer wieder von Rückschlägen unterbrochenen Entwicklung zur Demokratie. In Übersee baute Frankreich zweimal ein Kolonialreich auf. Das erste umfasste u. a. große Teile Nordamerikas und ging großenteils Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts im Siebenjährigen Krieg verloren; das zweite mit Schwerpunkt in Afrika war im 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert das zweitgrößte der Welt. Im 21. Jahrhundert gilt Frankreich mit Deutschland als treibende Kraft der europäischen Integration. Die Französische Republik wird in ihrer Verfassung als unteilbar, laizistisch, demokratisch und sozial erklärt. Ihr Grundsatz lautet: „Regierung des Volkes durch das Volk und für das Volk“. Das Entwicklungsprogramm der Vereinten Nationen zählt Frankreich zu den Ländern mit sehr hoher menschlicher Entwicklung. Gemessen am nominalen Bruttoinlandsprodukt ist es die siebtgrößte Volkswirtschaft der Welt. Lebensstandard, Bildungsgrad und durchschnittliche Lebenserwartung gelten als hoch. Als meistbesuchtes Land der Welt empfängt Frankreich rund 83 Millionen ausländische Touristen pro Jahr. Die französischen Streitkräfte gehören zu den sieben stärksten der Welt und sind die zweitstärksten in der NATO. Das Land ist die einzige Atommacht der Europäischen Union, eines der fünf ständigen Mitglieder des UN-Sicherheitsrates und hatte 2010 die weltweit dritthöchste Anzahl an Kernwaffen. Es ist Gründungsmitglied der Europäischen Union und der Vereinten Nationen, Mitglied der Frankophonie, der G7, der G20, der NATO, der Organisation für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (OECD), der Welthandelsorganisation (WTO) und der Lateinischen Union.
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There are many places to try French food in France, from three-star Michelin restaurants to French brasseries or bistrots that you can find on almost every corner, especially in big cities. In general, one should try to eat where the locals do for the best chance of a memorable meal. Most small cities or even villages have local restaurants which are sometimes listed in the most reliable guides. In fact, many fine dining restaurants are in rural villages rather than in the big cities, …
thumb|Champagne!
Champagne, Burgundy, Bordeaux, Rhone, the Loire Valley... France is the home of wine (vin). It can be found cheaply just about anywhere. Beer (bière) is also very popular, in particular in northern France, where "Bière de Garde" can be found. The alcohol purchase age is 18 for all drinks, but this is not always strictly enforced; however, laws against drunk driving are strictly enforced, with stiff penalties.
French wine is classified mainly by the region it comes from. Many wines don't label the varieties of grape that was used, so to know what you're getting, you have to learn what types of wine each region is known for. Wines often use blends of several grapes. Wines are usually labelled with the region (which may be broad or very specific) and a quality level: Roughly half of all wines are AOP (Appellation d'origine protégée), or AOC (Appellation d'origine contrôlée) in wines before 2012. For this highest tier, wine must come from designated areas with restrictions on the grape varieties, winemaking methods, and flavour profile. Another third of wines are IGP (Indication géographique protégée), or Vin de Pays before 2012. These too are judged to meet the character of a region's wine, but have fewer restrictions than AOP/AOC wines. The lowest tier are Vin de France, or Vin de Table before 2010, which are everyday table wines that are not labelled by region.
Wine and spirits may be purchased from supermarkets, or from specialised stores such as the Nicol…
France is a diverse and colourful country, and you'll find everything from stunning log chalets in the Alps, châteaux in the countryside and beach front villas on the Riviera...plus everything in between!
French people adhere to a strong set of values. They cherish their culture, history, language and cuisine, which is revered by many around the globe.
The French have an undeserved reputation for being "rude" or "arrogant" by many around the globe, and this stereotype has been perpetuated far too often. Chances are, you might be doing something the locals consider rude.
French people rarely hesitate to state what they think directly. Try not to be upset by this as it is unlikely that they intend to insult or cause offence in any way.
People in France are borderline obsessed with debates, friendly arguments and discussions, and at times, you might feel that they are dissatisfied with everything and anything, including yourself. Don't be fazed or surprised by this; this is simply a matter of culture and this is how the French further connect to the people around them. If you get dragged into a discussion by your French colleagues, try to participate.
Matters of etiquette are taken seriously, and it's not uncommon to be dismissed, ignored, or told off for exhibiting behaviour that is seen as impolite. When conversing with locals, always exchange a simple pleasantry (Excusez-moi, Bonjour, or Bonsoir) and wait for them to reply before getting into something. Greet the staff as soon you enter a business establishment, not when you're ready to start talking. In many shops, it's customary to exchange pleasantries with the staff and have them take items for you.
As is the case i…
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