Species
elphin (or elfin) shark
Species
- PhylumChordata
- ClassElasmobranchii
- OrderLamniformes
- FamilyMitsukurinidae
Habitatmarine
歐氏尖吻鮫（學名：Mitsukurinidae owstoni）[3]，又名歐氏劍吻鯊、歐氏尖吻鯊，也被稱為哥布林鯊（Goblin Shark），是尖吻鮫科（或稱尖吻鯊科或箕作氏鯊科）下的唯一一個现生物種[4]，是一種深海鯊魚。歐氏尖吻鮫的特徵是牠的吻向前突起而形成一尖突，比其他鯊魚的更為長，以此感觉猎物，两颌前移形成鸟喙状，可以突然伸出攫取猎物。牠的另一個特徵是半透明的皮肤，以显露出血液使身体呈粉红色。牠的顎可以伸縮[4]，當收縮時，外觀就像是一頭粉紅色而長吻的沙虎鯊，由於屬於古老的鯊魚家族，可稱為活化石。 歐氏尖吻鮫出沒於陽光照射不到的深海，一般在深於200米水深處。牠們分佈在世界各地温带和热带的海域，從太平洋的澳洲[5] 至大西洋的墨西哥灣。[6] 牠們首先於日本的海域被發現。[7] 歐氏尖吻鮫在深海捕食不同種類的生物。牠們主要以魷魚、蟹及深海魚為食物。就牠們的生命及生殖習性所知甚少，而牠們的敵人亦較少。因此，世界自然保護聯盟並沒有將牠們分類為瀕危物種。[8] 目录 1 分類 2 分佈及棲息地 3 解剖及外觀 4 行為 5 生殖 6 對人類的重要性 7 生態系統的角色 8 保育狀況 9 參考 10 外部链接 分類 早期的歐氏尖吻鮫圖繪 早期的歐氏尖吻鮫模型 歐氏尖吻鮫最初是於1898年由大衛·喬登（David Starr Jordan）以近日本橫濱市的相模海發現的標本來命名。[2] 另一個標本亦於1909年被命名為劍吻鯊的Scapanorhynchus jordoni。歐氏尖吻鮫曾一度被分類在劍吻鯊屬中，但現時這個分類是無效的。[9][10] 歐氏尖吻鮫的化石共有24個及其他兩個已滅絕的相關屬，即劍吻鯊屬及Anomotodon。 尖吻鮫屬的學名是以東京大學的動物學家箕作佳吉來命名，原因是他將有關的標本交予朱爾敦作研究的。[4][11]種小名則是以標本發現者Alan Owston命名的。[12] 分佈及棲息地 歐氏尖吻鮫的模型，可見其嘴突出的模樣。 歐氏尖吻鮫是深海的鯊魚，經常在水深約250米的海底生活。最深的標本就曾於水深1300米處發現。[4][8] 只有約45個歐氏尖吻鮫的標本曾被研究。[13] 大部份被漁獵歐氏尖吻鮫都是在日本發生，尤其是在房總半島附近的海域。牠們在太平洋的分佈很廣泛，曾於南非、澳洲及新西蘭的海域發現。[5][14][15] 牠們亦曾於法屬蓋亞那對出的西大西洋，並馬德拉自治區及葡萄牙的比斯開灣出沒。[8] 在大西洋的另一端，歐氏尖吻鮫曾兩次在墨西哥灣被發現。[6][16] 解剖及外觀 歐氏尖吻鮫的體型屬於中等至大型。一般的標本都有2至3米長。最大的標本是在塔斯曼尼亞被發現，約有3.9米長。[17][18] 估計牠們最大可以達至5.4至6米長。[8] 歐氏尖吻鮫有一般鯊魚所有的體形。牠們的鰭並非尖的，反而是低及圓的，臀鰭及胸鰭明顯的
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Article
The goblin shark (Mitsukurina owstoni) is a rare species of deep-sea shark. Sometimes called a "living fossil", it is the only extant representative of the family Mitsukurinidae, a lineage some 125 million years old. This pink-skinned animal has a distinctive profile with an elongated, flat snout, and highly protrusible jaws containing prominent nail-like teeth. It typically reaches a length of 3 to 4 meters (10 to 13 feet) when fully grown, although it can grow significantly larger—such as one specimen captured in 2000, which was believed to measure around 6 meters (20 feet). Goblin sharks are benthopelagic creatures that inhabit upper continental slopes, submarine canyons, and seamounts throughout the world at depths greater than 100 m (330 ft), with adults found deeper than juveniles. Some researchers believed that these sharks could also dive to depths of up to 1,300 m (4,270 ft), for short periods; footage captured in 2024 suggests that their range could be deeper than previously thought, with a confirmed sighting of an adult swimming at 2,000 m (6,560 ft).
Various anatomical features of the goblin shark, such as its flabby body and small fins, suggest that it is sluggish in nature. This species hunts for teleost fishes, cephalopods, and crustaceans near the sea floor and in the middle of the water column. Its long snout is covered with ampullae of Lorenzini that sense minute electric fields produced by nearby prey, which it can snatch up by rapidly extending its jaws. Small numbers of goblin sharks are unintentionally caught by deepwater fisheries. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed it as Least Concern, despite its rarity, citing its wide distribution and low incidence of capture.