Guelaguetza

thumb|Woman dancing folk dance at the 2019 Guelaguetza Festival. The Guelaguetza (; ), also known as Los lunes del cerro ('Mondays on the Hill'), is an annual indigenous cultural event in Mexico that takes place in the city of Oaxaca, capital of the state of Oaxaca, and nearby villages. The celebration features traditional costumed dancing by gender-separated groups. It includes native food, and statewide artisanal crafts, such as pre-Hispanic style textiles. Each costume, or traje, and dance usually has a local indigenous historical and cultural meaning. While the celebration has attracted an increasing number of tourists, it is primarily one of deep cultural importance for the indigenous peoples of the state and is important for the survival of these cultures.

==Background== thumb|249x249px|Chinas Oaxaqueñas at the Guelaguetza 2008. Oaxaca has a large native indigenous population, well over 30% of the state, compared to 10% for Mexico as a whole (going by 2020 INEGI ethnic report). Indigenous culture in Oaxaca remains strong. More than 300,000 people are monolingual in one of a wide variety of native indigenous languages, and many others are bilingual, with Spanish as their second language, or follow a predominantly indigenous lifestyle. Unlike Yucatán, where the indigenous culture consists of closely related groups of the same culture (Mayan), the indigenous people in Oaxaca are from many different cultures.