
The KS-1 or Kaishan-1 (), military designation HQ-12 (; NATO reporting name: CH-SA-12) is the first Chinese surface-to-air missile to adopt a phased array radar.
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The KS-1 or Kaishan-1 (), military designation HQ-12 (; NATO reporting name: CH-SA-12) is the first Chinese surface-to-air missile to adopt a phased array radar.
==Development== HQ-12 prototypes, known as the KS-1 before being incorporated into the PLA service, were developed in the early 1980s. The developer was the state-owned Jiangnan Space Industry, also known as Base 061. The first successful test-firing of the missile prototype was conducted in 1989, and the development was concluded in 1994. Before its completion, the missile was showcased at Paris Airshow in 1991. It was showcased again at the Zhuhai Airshow in 1998. However, none of these showcases resulted in mass production due to the lack of People's Liberation Army (PLA) orders and foreign interests.
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