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jirga
Sign in to saveA jirga (, jərga) is an assembly of leaders that makes decisions by consensus according to Pashtunwali, the Pashtun social code. It is conducted in order to settle disputes among the Pashtuns, but also by members of other ethnic groups who are influenced by them in present-day Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Article
20 sectionsContents
- Etymology
- Origin and historicity
- Functioning methodology
- Afghanistan
- 2002 ''loya jirga''
- 2003 ''loya jirga''
- 2022 ''loya jirga''
- Other historical jirgas
- Pakistan
- 1947 Bannu jirga
- 2006 ''loya jirga'' for Balochistan
- Quasi-legal function
- Alternative Dispute Resolution Act 2017
- Contested justice and human rights violations
- Instances of jirga judicial overreach
- Historic jirgas and women
- 2022 Pashtun National Jirga
- See also
- References
- External links
A jirga (, jərga) is an assembly of leaders that makes decisions by consensus according to Pashtunwali, the Pashtun social code. It is conducted in order to settle disputes among the Pashtuns, but also by members of other ethnic groups who are influenced by them in present-day Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Historically, a loya jirga or a "great council" has been convened in order to elect a new head of state, approve a new constitution or resolve critical issues. Loya jirgas have reportedly been organized since the rise to power of the Hotak dynasty in the early 18th century. In July 1747, Pashtun chiefs assembled in Kandahar to elect a new king, choosing the 25-year-old Ahmad Shah Durrani, who is credited with founding the modern state of Afghanistan.