John Nance Garner
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John Nance Garner served as Vice President of the United States under President Franklin D. Roosevelt from 1933 to 1941, a period that included the Great Depression and the early years of World War II. He matters historically because he held this office during one of America's most transformative eras, when the federal government dramatically expanded its role through Roosevelt's New Deal programs.
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John Nance Garner III (November 22, 1868 – November 7, 1967), known among his contemporaries as "Cactus Jack", was the 32nd vice president of the United States, serving from 1933 to 1941 under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. A member of the Democratic Party, Garner served as the 39th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1931 to 1933, having been a U.S. representative from Texas from 1903 to 1933. Garner and Schuyler Colfax are the only politicians to have served as presiding officers of both chambers of the U.S. Congress as speaker of the House and vice president of the United States. He was the longest-lived vice president in U.S. history, dying at the age of 98.
Garner began his political career as the county judge of Uvalde County, Texas. He served in the Texas House of Representatives from 1899 to 1903 and won election to represent Texas in the U.S. House of Representatives in 1902. He represented Texas's 15th congressional district from 1903 to 1933. Garner served as House Minority Leader from 1929 to 1931, and was elevated to Speaker of the House when Democrats won control of the House following special elections in 1931 (Republicans actually retained control immediately after the 1930 elections, but lost as several seats shifted parties).
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1868 births1932 United States vice-presidential candidates1936 United States vice-presidential candidates1967 deaths19th-century members of the Texas Legislature20th-century members of the Texas Legislature20th-century United States representatives20th-century vice presidents of the United StatesAmerican anti-communistsAmerican segregationistsAnti-Mexican sentiment in the United States