Khafajah
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Khafajah or Khafaje (), ancient Tutub, is an archaeological site in Diyala Governorate, Iraq east of Baghdad. Khafajah lies on the Diyala River, a tributary of the Tigris. Occupied from the Uruk and Jemdet Nasr periods through the end of the Old Babylonian Empire, it was under the control of the Akkadian Empire and then the Third Dynasty of Ur in the 3rd millennium BC. It then became part of the empire of the city-state of Eshnunna lying southwest of that city, about from the ancient city of Shaduppum, and near Tell Ishchali, both of which Eshnunna also controlled. It then fell to First Babylo
Key facts
- Ancient site.name
- Khafajah
- Ancient site.native_name
- Tutub
- Ancient site.alternate_name
- Khafaje
- Ancient site.map_type
- Iraq
- Ancient site.relief
- yes
- Ancient site.location
- Diyala Governorate, Iraq
- Ancient site.region
- Mesopotamia
- Ancient site.type
- tell
- Ancient site.epochs
- Uruk, Jemdet Nasr, Early Dynastic, Akkadian, Isin-Larsa
- Ancient site.excavations
- 1930–1938
- Ancient site.archaeologists
- Henri Frankfort, Thorkild Jacobsen, Pinhas Delougaz
via Wikipedia infobox
~34 min read
Encyclopedic overview
16 sectionsContents
- Archaeology
- Mound A
- Mound A Temples
- Other Mounds
- Stratigraphy and Chronology
- History
- Late Chacolithic
- Early Bronze
- Akkadian period
- Ur III period
- Middle Bronze
- Gallery
- See also
- References
- Further reading
- External links
Khafajah or Khafaje (), ancient Tutub, is an archaeological site in Diyala Governorate, Iraq east of Baghdad. Khafajah lies on the Diyala River, a tributary of the Tigris. Occupied from the Uruk and Jemdet Nasr periods through the end of the Old Babylonian Empire, it was under the control of the Akkadian Empire and then the Third Dynasty of Ur in the 3rd millennium BC. It then became part of the empire of the city-state of Eshnunna lying southwest of that city, about from the ancient city of Shaduppum, and near Tell Ishchali, both of which Eshnunna also controlled. It then fell to First Babylonian Empire before falling into disuse. The city of Tutub is mentioned in a fragmentary Sumerian temple hymn "... To the shrine Nippur, to the Duranki , To ..., to the brickwork of Tutub , To the lofty Abzu ...".
The site of Tulul Khattab (also Telul Khattab) lies 13 kilometers away and at over 50 hectares is one of the largest in the area. The site consists of 14 sub-mounds and it was excavated in 1979 (as it was being exploited by brickmaking industries) recovering 379 Old Babylonian period cuneiform tablets and fragments (225 on Mound 1 and 154 on Mound 2), which featured nine year names of Eshnunna rulers including "Year 2 of Ṣillī-Sîn as king". Only a handful of the tablets have been published.
Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Khafajah” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.
Gallery (14)
On the map
2 mapped locations