Kulturkampf
Sign in to saveThe Kulturkampf (; ) was the seven-year political conflict (1871–1878) between the Catholic Church in Germany led by Pope Pius IX and the Kingdom of Prussia, led by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, as well as other German states. The Prussian church-and-state political conflict was about the church's direct control over both education and ecclesiastical appointments in the Prussian kingdom. Moreover, when compared to other church-and-state conflicts about political culture, the Kulturkampf of Prussia also featured anti-Polish sentiment.
Article
31 sectionsContents
- Background
- Europe and the Catholic Church
- Germany
- Pre-1871
- 1871–1872
- Timeline, 1871–1876
- 1871
- 1872
- 1873
- May Laws
- 1874
- 1875
- 1876
- Mitigation and Peace Laws, 1878–1887
- Effects and impact
- Anti-Polish aspect of Kulturkampf
- In other countries
- Austria
- Switzerland
- Origins and the "Pre-Kulturkampf" (1830–1864)
- Peak of the conflict (1871–1874)
- Resolution and impact
- {{lang|de|Kulturkampf}} in contemporary usage
- United States
- Israel
- See also
- References
- Bibliography
- Further reading
- Historiography
- External links
The Kulturkampf (; ) was the seven-year political conflict (1871–1878) between the Catholic Church in Germany led by Pope Pius IX and the Kingdom of Prussia, led by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, as well as other German states. The Prussian church-and-state political conflict was about the church's direct control over both education and ecclesiastical appointments in the Prussian kingdom. Moreover, when compared to other church-and-state conflicts about political culture, the Kulturkampf of Prussia also featured anti-Polish sentiment.
In modern political usage, the German term Kulturkampf describes any conflict (political, ideological, or social) between the secular government and the religious authorities of a society. The term also describes the great and small culture wars among political factions who hold deeply opposing values and beliefs within a nation, a community, and a cultural group.