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Also known as element 3

原子序为3的化学元素

OverviewAI-generated

Lithium is an alkali metal in group 1 and period 2 of the s-block. It has the atomic number 3 and the element symbol Li. Johan August Arfwedson discovered the element in Sweden in 1817. Its standard atomic mass is 6.94, though some sources list the weight as 7.0. The electron configuration is 1s² 2s¹, or [He] 2s¹.

The element has a density of 0.534, a melting point of 453.7, and a boiling point of 2426. Its electronegativity is 1, and its standard molar entropy is 29.1. Lithium commonly exhibits an oxidation state of 1. It is part of the lithiophilite mineral group. The Unicode character for lithium is 鋰.

Lithium is used to treat schizoaffective disorder. It is described in the Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, and the Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition. The element is referenced by 2,190 other encyclopedia articles.

Synthesized by Vinony from 34 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubChem, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula: Li
Molecular weight: 7 g/mol
IUPAC name: lithium
SMILES: [Li]
InChIKey: WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

89,339 papers

Beyond its Psychiatric Use: The Benefits of Low-dose Lithium Supplementation.ReviewCurrent neuropharmacology · 2023Hamstra SI, Roy BD, Tiidus P et al.DOI: 10.2174/1570159X20666220302151224
Lithium Poisoning.ReviewJournal of intensive care medicine · 2017Baird-Gunning J, Lea-Henry T, Hoegberg LCG et al.DOI: 10.1177/0885066616651582
Lithium: Fifteen Years Later.ReviewNeuropsychobiology · 2024Rybakowski JKDOI: 10.1159/000542490
Lithium and disease modification: A systematic review and meta-analysis in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.Ageing research reviews · 2024Singulani MP, Ferreira AFF, Figueroa PS et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102231
Lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism.ReviewBritish journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005) · 2020Mifsud S, Cilia K, Mifsud EL et al.DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2020.0457
Lithium, Inflammation and Neuroinflammation with Emphasis on Bipolar Disorder-A Narrative Review.ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Damri O, Agam GDOI: 10.3390/ijms252413277
Lithium Use for Suicide Prevention, Revisited.ReviewJournal of psychiatric practice · 2023Wortzel HS, Simonetti JA, Oslin DW et al.DOI: 10.1097/PRA.0000000000000680
An Oldie but Goodie: Lithium in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder through Neuroprotective and Neurotrophic Mechanisms.ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2017Won E, Kim YKDOI: 10.3390/ijms18122679

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Subclass of: s-block
Part of: lithiophilite
Named after: stone
Material used: spodumene
Mass: 6.94
Image: Lithium paraffin.jpg
Has use: lithium

Show 26 more facts

oxidation state: 1
atomic number: 3
element symbol: Li
Commons category: Lithium
discoverer or inventor: Johan August Arfwedson
time of discovery or invention: 1817-01-01
topic's main category: Category:Lithium
Commons gallery: Lithium
density: 0.534
electronegativity: 1
location of discovery: Sweden
boiling point: 1317
NCI Thesaurus ID: C95186
medical condition treated: schizoaffective disorder
standard molar entropy: 29.1
Unicode character: 鋰
melting point: 357.3
electron configuration: [He] 2s¹
molar fusion enthalpy: 3
molar enthalpy of vaporization: 136
thermal conductivity: 84.8
chemical formula: Li
ionic radius: 0.92
on focus list of Wikimedia project: Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4
significant drug interaction: acetazolamide
2022 Harmonized System Code: 280519

Sources (5)

via Wikidata · CC0

Article · 中文

鋰（拼音：lǐ，注音：ㄌ丨ˇ；英語：Lithium；源于拉丁語：λίθος，转写为「Lithos」，直譯「石頭」），是一種化學元素，其化學符號为Li，原子序數为3，原子量為6.941 u。其中文名则来源于“Lithos”的第一个音节发音“里”，因为是金属，在左方加上部首“钅”。鋰是一個軟、銀白色的鹼金屬。三个电子中两个分布在K层，另一个在L层。锂是碱金属中最轻的一种。锂常呈+1或0氧化态，是否有-1氧化态則尚未得到证实。但是锂和它的化合物并不像其他的碱金属那么典型，因为锂的电荷密度很大并且有稳定的氦型双电子层，使得锂容易极化其他的分子或离子，自己却不易受到极化。这一点影响到它和它的化合物的稳定。在標準條件（STP）下，它是最輕的金屬和最輕的固體元素。同其他鹼金屬，鋰有高活性和易燃性，並儲存在礦物油中。切割時，它會表現出金屬光澤，但會快速被水氣潮解，變成暗銀灰色，接著變成黑色的氧化物。它不會以元素狀態存在於自然界，而只能於（通常是離子）化合物中發生，例如偉晶岩礦物，它們曾經是鋰的主要來源。由於其離子的溶解度，它存在於海水中並通常從鹽水中獲得。從氯化鋰和氯化鉀的混合物中電解分離鋰金屬。在自然界中發現的兩種穩定的鋰同位素具有所有穩定核素中每個核子的結合能，因此鋰原子的核處於不穩定狀態。因核的性質相對不穩定，鋰在太陽系的含量排名第26。由於以上因素，鋰在核物理學中具重要用途。1932年鋰原子向氦的核分裂是第一次完全人為的核反應，而氘化鋰用作熱核武器的燃料。鋰及其化合物具多種工業應用，包括耐熱玻璃、陶瓷、鋰潤滑脂潤滑劑，用於鐵、鋼和鋁生產的助焊劑添加劑、鋰電池和鋰離子電池。這些用途消耗超過四分之三的鋰生產量。在生物系統內存有微量的鋰，但其功能不明。已知鋰鹽可作治療人類躁鬱症的情緒穩定藥物。

Abstract from DBpedia / Wikipedia · CC BY-SA