Louis Althusser
French Marxist philosopher (1918–1990)
AI overview
Louis Althusser was a French Marxist philosopher who developed influential theories about how societies maintain power and control through institutions like schools and media, rather than just through force. His ideas significantly shaped how scholars understand politics, culture, and ideology, making him a major figure in twentieth-century philosophy and social theory.
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Person · Open Library
- Born
- 16 October 1918
- Died
- 22 October 1990
- Works
- 107
Top works
- בשביל מרקס
- 自我批評論文集
- Lenin y la filosofía
- Être marxiste en philosophie
- Sur Althusser passages
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Listeners · Last.fm
- Listeners
- 52
- Total plays
- 162
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Article
Louis Pierre Althusser ( UK: /ˌæltʊˈsɛər/, US: /ˌɑːltuːˈsɛər/; French: [altysɛʁ]; 16 October 1918 – 22 October 1990) was a French Marxist philosopher who studied at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, where he eventually became professor of philosophy. Althusser's life was marked by periods of intense mental illness. In 1980, he killed his wife, the sociologist Hélène Rytmann, by strangling her. He was declared unfit to stand trial due to insanity and committed to a psychiatric hospital for three years. He did little further academic work, dying in 1990.
Althusser was a long-time member and sometimes a strong critic of the French Communist Party. His arguments and theses were set against the threats that he saw attacking the theoretical foundations of Marxism. These included both the influence of empiricism on Marxist theory, and humanist and reformist orientations which manifested as divisions in the European communist parties, as well as the problem of the cult of personality and of ideology. Althusser is commonly referred to as a structural Marxist, although his relationship to other schools of French structuralism is not a simple affiliation and he was critical of many aspects of structuralism. He later described himself as a social anarchist.
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1918 births1990 deaths20th-century French male writers20th-century French murderers20th-century French philosophersAcademic staff of the École normale supérieure (Paris)École normale supérieure (Paris) alumniFrench anarchistsFrench Army personnel of World War IIFrench Communist Party membersFrench communist writersFrench Marxists