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Middle Francia (Latin: Francia media) was a short-lived Frankish kingdom which was created in 843 by the Treaty of Verdun after an intermittent dynastic war between the grandsons of Charlemagne resulted in division of the united Carolingian Empire. Middle Francia was allocated to Emperor Lothair I (d. 855), the eldest son and successor of Emperor Louis the Pious (d. 840). His realm contained the imperial cities of Aachen (the residence of Charlemagne) and Pavia, but it lacked firm geographic or cultural cohesion, which prevented it from forming a nucleus of a lasting state, as was the case with West Francia (which became the Kingdom of France) and East Francia (which became the Kingdom of Germany).
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