Mountain View Cemetery

The hills of Oakland and Piedmont cradle one of the finest examples of a garden cemetery found on the West Coast. With its stately avenues and winding roadways, its native live oaks and imported Italian stone pines, its simple columbarium and elaborate mausoleums, Mountain View Cemetery is a wonderful example of early American culture and the lively spirit of early California. Designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, Mountain View Cemetery is the resting place of famous and infamous figures alike. People like author Frank Norris, artist Thomas Hill, architects Julia Morgan and Bernard Maybeck, captains of industry such as powerful railroad builder and banker Charles Crocker...all made their contributions to the shaping of a nation’s frontier. As Americans moved westward, man had achieved dominion over the land, overcoming hardships and nature to continue the march to California. But as man triumphed over his environment, he also came to question his place in nature. Mountain View Cemetery is an outgrowth of this contemplation. The historic Cemetery master plan was designed by renowned landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted — the architect of New York City’s Central Park, Capitol Grounds in Washington D.C., Stanford University, and Yosemite Park (he minimized the intrusion of man on Yosemite’s natural wonders) — Mountain View Cemetery was intended to express a harmony between man and the natural setting. Park-like cemeteries, such as Mountain View Cemetery, were brought into being by various cultural forces of the 19th century. Cultural and religious shifts in sensibility, as well as 19th-century English and American romantics helped encourage the idea that a park-like cemetery represented the peace of nature, to which man’s soul returns. As open spaces disappeared in the larger cities, the new garden-style burial ground became perceived as one replacement for the forests and fields that had been devoured by urbanization and industrialization. In America the park cemetery embodied the “wilder,” more natural elements of a view common to early 19th Century philosophy and culture: “God made the country, and man made the town.” Olmsted took a unique approach to Mountain View Cemetery. His park cemetery integrated the Parisian grand monuments and broad avenues. Olmsted also drew on a popular philosophy of the times, American Transcendentalism, to help shape his vision of the cemetery. American Transcendentalism embodied Asian philosophy, which believed that all of nature flows from the same wellspring, that is, trees and flowers, water and air — and man — are part of nature. From this philosophy, Olmsted believed that the straight line of man’s industry and the curved shape of nature’s oak branch could once again peacefully co-exist. And co-exist they did. Olmsted’s design was completed and accepted by the distinguished board of trustees in 1863, and construction began. In the lower and more level portion of Mountain View Cemetery, near its entrance gates, Olmsted designed a straight avenue lined by trees. On the slopes of six hills skirting this avenue, he constructed curved lanes and paths like tributaries flowing down from the hills to make possible a gradual ascent and descent, like the twisting roads of the park cemeteries set in England. To native California live oaks he added transplanted Italian cypress, Lebanese cedar, and Italian stone pine. Simple in form and color, distinctive in shape and compatibility, the trees helped create a setting of beauty and grace, complementing the walkways, roads and chapels which help create a peace of mind and thoughtfulness. The balance between nature and artifice naturally shifted over the years. Families building at Mountain View Cemetery added more monuments and chapels, expressing the aspirations of newly affluent families to an eastern sophistication and Victorian respectability. With its abundance of man-made architectural structures, Mountain View Cemetery became even more at