نزدیک‌بینی

Key facts

Medical condition (new).name

Myopia

Medical condition (new).image

Myopia.gif

Medical condition (new).caption

Diagram showing changes in the eye with myopia

Medical condition (new).field

Ophthalmology, optometry

Medical condition (new).synonyms

near-sightedness, short-sightedness

Medical condition (new).symptoms

Distant objects appear blurry, headaches, eye strain

Medical condition (new).complications

Retinal detachment, cataracts, glaucoma

Medical condition (new).duration

Typically permanent once it develops

Medical condition (new).causes

Combination of genetic and environmental factors

Medical condition (new).risks

Near work, greater time spent indoors, family history

Medical condition (new).diagnosis

Eye examination

Medical condition (new).prevention

Unknown

Medical condition (new).treatment

Eyeglasses, contact lenses, surgery

Medical condition (new).medication

Low-dose atropine eye drops

Medical condition (new).prognosis

Generally stable after it progresses in early adulthood

Medical condition (new).frequency

Approximately 30% of people around the world

Medical condition (new).deaths

Not deadly

via Wikipedia infobox

• Myopia.ReviewLancet (London, England) · 2012Morgan IG, Ohno-Matsui K, Saw SMDOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60272-4
• Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050.Ophthalmology · 2016Holden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.01.006
• [Myopia in children].ReviewMedecine sciences : M/S · 2020Bremond-Gignac DDOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020131
• IMI Pathologic Myopia.ReviewInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Ohno-Matsui K, Wu PC, Yamashiro K et al.DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.5.5
• IMI - Defining and Classifying Myopia: A Proposed Set of Standards for Clinical and Epidemiologic Studies.ReviewInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2019Flitcroft DI, He M, Jonas JB et al.DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25957
• The epidemics of myopia: Aetiology and prevention.ReviewProgress in retinal and eye research · 2018Morgan IG, French AN, Ashby RS et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.09.004
• High myopia: Reviews of myopia control strategies and myopia complications.ReviewOphthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2024Shah R, Vlasak N, Evans BJWDOI: 10.1111/opo.13366
• Myopia and orthokeratology for myopia control.ReviewClinical & experimental optometry · 2019Cho P, Tan QDOI: 10.1111/cxo.12839

via PubMed