The Northern Cardinal is a bright red bird species native to North America that is popular in backyards and gardens. It matters because it is one of the most recognizable and beloved birds in the region, making it culturally significant and a frequent subject of birdwatching and wildlife appreciation.
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二名法 Cardinalis cardinalis(Linnaeus, 1758) 北美紅雀的分佈地 北美紅雀(學名Cardinalis cardinalis)是北美洲紅鳥屬下的一種鳥類。它們分佈在南加拿大,經美國東部緬因州至德克薩斯州,南下至墨西哥,也有分佈在夏威夷的大島及瓦胡島。它們棲息在林地、花園、叢林及沼澤。 北美紅雀的體型呈中等大小,長約21厘米。頭上有明顯的冠,雄鳥及雌鳥的面部分別呈黑色及灰色。雄鳥呈鮮紅色,雌鳥則呈暗紅褐色。它們主要吃穀物,也會吃昆蟲及果實。雄鳥是地盤性的,會以歌聲來定界。雄鳥示愛時會用喙餵雌鳥吃種子。它們每次會生3-4顆蛋,每年會生2-4次。 目录 1 分類 2 特徵 3 分佈及棲息地 4 生態 4.1 掠食者 4.2 食性 4.3 繁殖 5 與人類關係 6 參考 7 外部連結 分類 北美紅雀屬於紅鳥科下的紅鳥屬。它們最初是由卡爾·林奈[2],並被分類到交嘴雀屬中。於1838年,它們才被分類到紅鳥屬,且名為Cardinalis virginianus。於1983年,其學名改為Cardinalis cardinalis。[3] 北美紅雀的學名意義是天主教會的樞機,因樞機有著明顯的紅袍及帽子。[4] 特徵 北美紅雀呈中等大小,體長20-23厘米,翼展25-31厘米,重45克。[5]雄鳥呈鮮紅色,面部呈黑色,一直伸延至上胸。背部及雙翼最為沉色。[6]雌鳥呈灰棕色,雙翼、冠及尾羽上有紅彩。[7]雌鳥面部呈灰至黑色,但不怎麼明顯。它們都有明顯隆起的冠,喙是鮮珊瑚色,呈圓錐狀及很強壯。[6]幼鳥的顏色像成年的雌鳥,到了冬天就會換羽成為成鳥。[8]幼鳥上身褐色,下身紅褐色,胸部、前額、雙翼及尾巴呈磚紅色。[3]腳部呈深粉紅褐色。虹膜呈褐色。[3]雄鳥主羽的顏色是來自所吃的類胡蘿蔔素紅色及黃色色素。[9][10]雄鳥具有代謝類胡蘿蔔素色素來製造主羽色彩。當只吃具黃色色素的食物時,它們會變得較為淡紅色,而非黃色。[10] 分佈及棲息地 在美國東部的緬因州至德克薩斯州,及加拿大安大略省、魁北克省及新斯科舍,北美紅雀的數量很是豐富。它們的分佈地延伸至美墨邊境及南經墨西哥至北瓜地馬拉及伯利茲的特萬特佩克地峽。於1700年代,它們被引進到百慕達。它們也有被引入到加利福尼亞州南部及夏威夷。其天然的棲息地包括林地、花園、叢林及沼澤。[1]它們是留鳥,但也會因極端的天氣及食物供應而作出遷徙。[11] 生態 北美紅雀是地盤性的。雄鳥會在樹頂或其他高處以清晰的歌聲來保護地盤,並會追逐進入地盤內的其他雄鳥。不過,它們很多是會將自己的倒影看為入侵的雄鳥,並與之打鬥。交配後的夫婦會一起出入。[12] 不同地區的北美紅雀的叫聲也有不同。單憑其叫聲,就能輕易分辨其性別。[13]北美紅雀有很特別的警報聲,就是一下很短的金屬聲。這警報聲就可以提醒雌鳥及雛鳥有掠食者接近鳥巢。[
via IUCN
The northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), also commonly known as the common cardinal, red cardinal, or simply cardinal, is a bird in the genus Cardinalis. It can be found in southeastern Canada, through the eastern United States from Maine to Minnesota to Texas, New Mexico, southern Arizona, southern California and south through Mexico, Belize, and Guatemala. It is also an introduced species in a few locations such as Bermuda and all major islands of Hawaii since its introduction in 1929. Its habitat includes woodlands, gardens, shrublands, and wetlands. It is the state bird of Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, North Carolina, Ohio, Virginia, and West Virginia.
The northern cardinal is a mid-sized perching songbird with a body length of 21–23 cm (8.3–9.1 in) and a crest on the top of its head. The species expresses sexual dimorphism: Females are a reddish olive color, and have a gray mask around the beak, while males are a vibrant red color, and have a black mask on the face, as well as a larger crest. Juvenile cardinals do not have the distinctive red-orange beak seen in adult birds until they are almost fully mature. On hatching, their beaks are grayish-black and they do not become the trademark orange-red color until they acquire their final adult plumage in the fall.
via Wikidata · CC0
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