OSI model
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The OSI model is a framework with seven layers that describes how different parts of a communication system work together to send data from one place to another. It matters because it provides a common language that helps engineers design, troubleshoot, and understand computer networks in a consistent way.
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Article
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a reference model developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that "provides a common basis for the coordination of standards development for the purpose of systems interconnection."
In the OSI reference model, the components of a communication system are distinguished in seven abstraction layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.