File:Papilio_machaon_Mitterbach_01.jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons
OverviewAI-generated
Papilionidae is a family of insects within the order Lepidoptera. It belongs to the class Insecta, phylum Arthropoda, and kingdom Animalia. The taxon was described by Latreille in 1802 and is currently accepted. Its parent taxon is Papilionoidea, and it is coordinate with Papilioninae and Papilionini. The type genus for this family is Papilio. Common names for the group include Pages, svalestjerter, pazie, and witezie.
Records of this family are held by institutions including MSU, VPI, UMNH, and BROW. Specimens have been documented in Mexico, the United States, Spain, the Central African Republic, and Guatemala. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility lists over two million occurrences for this taxon, while iDigBio contains 1,410 records with 252 media files. The family is also referenced by 1,001 other encyclopedia articles.
Synthesized by Vinony from 34 facts across 6 sources: Wikidata, GBIF, Gbif Occ, WoRMS, iDigBio, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.
Species
Papilionidae
FAMILY
- KingdomAnimalia
- PhylumArthropoda
- ClassInsecta
- OrderLepidoptera
- FamilyPapilionidae
鳳蝶科(學名:Papilionidae)是蝴蝶鳳蝶總科中的一個科。下級分類中,共有3個亞科,約26屬,包含了約600個物種[2]。鳳蝶物種多爲中至大型蝴蝶,牠們大部分種類翅面上斑紋色彩華麗鮮豔,外觀華美,飛翔迅速,姿態優雅,相當引人注目,當中更包括了世上最大的蝴蝶——亞歷山大鳥翼蝶,燕鳳蝶屬則包含了體型最小的鳳蝶。鳳蝶後翅通常有尾突,故又稱作燕尾蝶(Swallowtail Butterfly),後翅亦只有一條臀脈,因此雙翅閉合時腹部外露,是此分類的主要特徵。 鳳蝶的一些物種有毒,例如幼蟲時期攝食馬兜鈴的鳳蝶,身體能保存植物中有毒的馬兜鈴酸,令天敵不好捕食[3]。 目录 1 分佈 2 形態 2.1 幼期 2.2 成蟲 3 習性 3.1 幼期 3.2 成蟲 4 種系發生 5 文化 6 腳註 7 參考文獻 8 外部連結 分佈 鳳蝶科物種分佈廣泛,主要在熱帶地區,而溫帶及寒帶地區也有許多種類棲息。美洲熱帶地區、印度及澳洲地區和東南亞地區的物種多樣性較高。 在中國記錄了約120種鳳蝶;台灣31種;香港22種。 形態 幼期 鳳蝶的卵呈球形,表面光滑,外表有時覆蓋膠狀或蠟狀物質,有微小而不明顯的雕刻紋。 鳳蝶幼蟲光滑無毛,後胸隆起,表常在特定位置長有肉突。前胸前方藏有一可以外翻的橙色叉狀器官,稱爲臭角(英语:Osmeterium),受驚時會翻出並釋放刺激難聞的萜烯驅敵[4],其顏色鮮豔醒目,可能有加強刺激的作用,部分種類胸部有眼狀斑紋,此時的臭角就像是蛇的叉狀舌頭,其形態也許有助於嚇走敵人,是鳳蝶幼蟲的獨特防禦武器。腹部原足鉤於腹足內側排成一縱列。無毒性的種類在小幼蟲時常僞裝成鳥糞躲避捕食者,有毒性的種類則色彩對比鮮明的警戒色警告天敵勿近。 鳳蝶的蛹修長或粗壯,表面粗糙,頭的端部二分叉。大部分種類蛹體裸露在外,以縊蛹方式附著,常僞裝成枯枝,葉片等形狀許多種類可以依化蛹背景色彩而呈褐色或綠色型。於尾端及後胸或頭部分別有絲線連結。而是短角寶鳳蝶與部分絹蝶亞科成員的成熟幼蟲則織出鬆散的繭並在地上,落葉間化蛹。其他種類鳳蝶的化蛹位置多半位於枝條上,葉片下等處。 成蟲 鳳蝶頭部狹窄。觸角細長,基部距離很近,端部棒狀。複眼大型而光滑。眼前方無睫毛,下唇須通常小,喙管發達。前足發育正常。 鳳蝶胸部的三對足均爲正常步行足常常頗爲細長,前足脛節內側具有一前脛突。有些種類的雄蝶具有性標雄蟲交尾器的背兜及鉤突退化縮小,功能爲第8腹節背板所取代。其末端常具一突起,稱爲僞鉤突或上鉤突。 鳳蝶前後翅皆呈三角形,前翅脛脈(R)5條,M1脈不與脛脈同柄,臀脈(A)脈2條,3A脈短,只到翅的後緣,通常有1條基橫脈(Cu-a),部分徑脈癒合而呈叉狀;後翅只有一條臀脈,雙翅閉合時腹部外露,這也是此分類的主要特徵。後翅肩角有1條鉤狀的肩脈(h),外緣波狀,多數種類M3常延伸成一尾狀突起,即尾突,雄蝶沿內緣常生有
via GBIF
Museum specimens
- Specimen records
- 1,410
- With media
- 252
- Family
- Papilionidae
- Collections
- MSU, VPI, UMNH, BROW
- Recorded in
- Mexico, United States, Spain, Central African Republic, Guatemala
~19 min read
Encyclopedic overview
Swallowtail butterfly A European paper wasp interacts with an anise swallowtail caterpillar which uses its osmeterium in defense. Most scenes are repeated in closeup at one-fourth speed. A spotted towhee finds an anise swallowtail caterpillar to return to its nest and feed to its young.
Swallowtail butterflies are large, colorful butterflies in the family Papilionidae, and include over 550 species. Though the majority are tropical, members of the family inhabit every continent except Antarctica. The family includes the largest butterflies in the world, the birdwing butterflies of the genus Ornithoptera.
Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Papilionidae” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.
Gallery (14)
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