Paratonia
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thumb|Frontal lobe (in blue)/Lobes of the brain Paratonia is the inability to relax muscles during muscle tone assessment. There are two types of paratonia: oppositional and facilitatory. Oppositional paratonia ("gegenhalten") occurs when subjects involuntarily resist passive movements, while facilitatory paratonia ("mitgehen") occurs when subjects involuntarily assist with passive movements. Both types of paratonia have been associated with cognitive impairment or mental disorders, particularly in relation to frontal lobe dysfunction. Paratonia is frequently encountered in association with d
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It is catalogued under the topic Cognitive disorders.
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thumb|Frontal lobe (in blue)/Lobes of the brain Paratonia is the inability to relax muscles during muscle tone assessment. There are two types of paratonia: oppositional and facilitatory. Oppositional paratonia ("gegenhalten") occurs when subjects involuntarily resist passive movements, while facilitatory paratonia ("mitgehen") occurs when subjects involuntarily assist with passive movements. Both types of paratonia have been associated with cognitive impairment or mental disorders, particularly in relation to frontal lobe dysfunction. Paratonia is frequently encountered in association with dementia.
Paratonia can be assessed with rating scales during clinical examination. Paratonia scale is a semi-quantitative score to rate the amount of oppositional and facilitatory paratonia separately. Kral modified procedure is a more objective semi-quantitative rating of upper limb facilitatory paratonia easily applicable while patients are seated. The Paratonia Assessment Instrument (PAI) was also used in a physiotherapic setting for the assessment of oppositional paratonia.
Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Paratonia” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.