Phallaceae
Also known as stinkhorn
thumb|Fresh stinkhorn mushroom
Species
stinksvampar
FAMILY
- KingdomFungi
- PhylumBasidiomycota
- ClassAgaricomycetes
- OrderPhallales
- FamilyPhallaceae
Observations recorded198,781
鬼筆科（英文：Phallaceae）是鬼筆目下兩個科的其中一個，其菌蓋不成傘狀。多具有臭味以吸引蒼蠅助其繁殖。鬼筆科多半出現於熱帶地區，而其底下共有21屬和77種[3]。 目录 1 描述 2 繁殖 3 食用 4 屬列表 5 參見 6 參考資料 7 圖集 8 外部連結 描述 鬼筆科的孢托（成熟子實體）一般為筆狀，且為海綿質，頂部有鐘形子層托，上有青綠色的孢子黏液物覆蓋，還不時發出惡臭，因而吸引蠅類、蝸牛及螞蟻咬噬，故其菌蓋多半坑坑洞洞的。[4] 繁殖 鬼筆科屬於腹菌類，成熟的孢子是包埋在包被內，等子實體破裂後才會裸露散發出孢子，不同於傘菌類孢子成熟後裸露在空氣中飄散的形式。[4] 食用 雖然鬼筆科的菌類多半會發出惡臭，不過仍有一些被當作高級食材來食用。例如：在中國，竹蓀屬中的菌類，的菌裙和菌柄被當作高級的食材。[5]例如：長裙竹蓀多與肉共煮，成肉湯，味美。1990年代人工培植成功後，常見於齋菜中。早期出產的仍有很濃的臭味和滑潺潺的，後期出產的已有改善。至今野生竹蓀仍然是名貴食材。 屬列表 尾花菌屬 Anthurus Kalchbr. & MacOwan (1880)[6] Aporophallus Möller (1895) Aseroë Labill. (1800) Colus Cavalier & Séchier (1835) Echinophalus Henn. (1898) Endophallus Zang & Petersen (1989) Ileodictyon Tul. ex M. Raoul (1844) Itajahya Möller (1895) Kobayasia (Kobayasi) S. Imai & A. Kawam. (1958) Laternea Turpin (1822) Ligiella J.A. Sáenz (1980) Lysurus Fr. (1823) 鬼筆屬 Phallus Junius ex L. (1753) Protubera Möller (1895) Pseudoclathrus B. Liu & Y.S. Bau (1980) Pseudocolus Lloyd (1907) Protuberella (S. Imai) S. Imai & Kawam. (1958) Simblum Klotzsch ex Hook. (1831) Staheliomyces E. Fisch. (1921)[1][7] 參見 真菌主题 籠頭菌科 同擔子菌亞綱 傘菌綱 真菌分類表 菌蓋 參考資料 ^ 1.0 1.1 Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. Dictionary of the Fungi 10th. Walli
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~12 min read
Article
6 sectionsContents
- Description
- Genera
- Volatile compounds
- References
- Books cited
- External links
thumb|Fresh stinkhorn mushroom
The Phallaceae are a family of fungi, commonly known as stinkhorns, within the order Phallales. Stinkhorns have a worldwide distribution, but are especially prevalent in tropical regions. They are known for their foul-smelling, sticky spore masses, or gleba, borne on the end of a stalk called the receptaculum. The characteristic fruiting-body structure, a single, unbranched receptaculum with an externally attached gleba on the upper part, distinguishes Phallaceae from other families in the Phallales. The spore mass typically smells of carrion or dung, and attracts flies, beetles and other insects to help disperse the spores. Although there is great diversity in body structure shape among the various genera, all species in the Phallaceae begin their development as oval or round structures known as "eggs". The appearance of Phallaceae is often sudden, as gleba can erupt from the underground egg and burst open within an hour. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 21 genera and 77 species.