File:COA_Piast_dynasty.svg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons
The Piast dynasty was the royal family that ruled Poland from around the 10th century until the 14th century, establishing the foundations of the Polish state and its early Christian kingdom. It matters because the Piasts were responsible for creating Poland's initial political structure and cultural identity during a formative period in European history.
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The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 960–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of King Casimir III the Great.
Branches of the Piast dynasty continued to rule in the Duchy of Masovia (until 1526) and in the Duchies of Silesia until the last male Silesian Piast died in 1675. The Piasts intermarried with several noble lines of Europe, and possessed numerous titles, some within the Holy Roman Empire. The Jagiellonian kings ruling after the death of Casimir IV of Poland were also descended in the female line from Casimir III's daughter.