polymorphism

Polymorphism enables you to use a single interface to represent different underlying classes. In Python, polymorphism is achieved primarily through duck typing , but you can also implement it through inheritance and method overriding . Polymorphism enhances flexibility and maintainability by allowing you to write more generic and reusable code. class Duck: def swim(self): print("The duck is swimming.") class Albatross: def swim(self): print("The albatross is swimming.") The two classes don’t share a common base class . Because they share the same interface, you can still use them in the same way: from birds import Duck, Albatross birds = [Duck(), Albatross()] for bird in birds: ... bird.swim() ... The duck is swimming. The albatross is swimming. class Animal: def speak(self): print("Animal speaks") class Dog(Animal): def speak(self): print("Woof, Woof") class Cat(Animal): def speak(self): print("Meow, Meow") def make animal speak(animal): animal.speak() In this example, both Dog and Cat are subclasses of Animal and override the .speak() method. You can use instances of these classes the same way: The make animal speak() function demonstrates polymorphism by accepting any animal that inherits from Animal and calling its .speak() method, regardless of the specific type of animal. Learn how to define and use Python classes to implement object-oriented programming. Dive into attributes, methods, inheritance, and more.